{"id":2332,"date":"2013-07-06T10:09:47","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2332"},"modified":"2013-07-06T10:09:47","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:09:47","slug":"chat-luong-phan-mem-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2332","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tin \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QA) l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” \u1edf ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tin ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 tin k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0. Th\u00f4ng tin sai d\u1eabn t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sai. K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tin c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m nom v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 qua to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u00e9m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.\u201d K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ho\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c than: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3.\u201d K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201c\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u00fang cho n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tranh c\u00e3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef: \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c anh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong m\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m m\u00e3 cho n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3 c\u1ea3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ki\u1ec3m m\u00e3 cho n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u1edf h\u1ecd.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i: \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh, ch\u1ee9c danh c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d anh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, anh l\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o: \u201cTh\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 ai n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng?\u00a0Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm, t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng s\u1eeda ch\u00fang s\u1edbm. T\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tu\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang hay b\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda, c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA). C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a SQA l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. SQA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed SQA ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. SQA thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. V\u1eady SQA gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. SQA kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1ecf. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd CH\u1ecaU tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m, l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n PH\u1ea2I s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd CH\u1ecaU tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e3. SQA c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n V\u00c0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo, m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Ph\u00e2n chia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. T\u1eebng nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong C\u00c1I NH\u00ccN TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00ed do cho sau bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software quality<\/p>\n

There is a question about who is responsible for software quality but few can answer it. If you ask ten people, you may have twelve different answers because some people may have more than one answer. Why is it difficult for a simple question like this? Let\u2019s ask people who are working in the software industry: Some programmers believe quality assurance (QA) is responsible for quality, because they have the word \u201cQuality\u201d in the title. Quality assurance people believe testers are responsible for quality because it is their job to check for quality. Testers believe developers are responsible for quality because they build the software. Developers believe architect is responsible for quality because they only implement what the architect designs for software. Architect believes the requirements engineer is responsible for quality because he provides information to the architect. Wrong information leads to wrong design. Requirement engineer believes customers are responsible for quality because they tell the requirements engineer what they want. If they did not clearly explain what they want, that is their problems. Customers believe the project manager is responsible for quality because he is responsible for the entire software product. Project managers believe professors are responsible for quality because they teach software development. If they do not teach about quality then nobody know about it. Basically, no one wants to be responsible for software quality.<\/p>\n

The major issue is the distrust between functional groups and the unclear roles and responsibilities in the entire development process. People is only focusing on their jobs, and what they have to do within their limited area. Anything outside of their area is NOT their concern. No one know what other group is doing. No one want to be responsible for the final product. No one is concerned about software quality. Most do not understand the concept of software process or take time to understand the entire software development. They only care about what they do in a limited way. Students are taught about programming so they know how to code and test. They may learn about software life cycle but it is only a vague concept unless they really implement something across the entire life cycle. Even after few years of working, some learned about architect then they only focus on that areas. When people got promoted to managers, they learn how to manage projects because design, code and test are things of the past and jobs of somebody else. Very few are concern about the entire software process or the bigger picture of software development. To them quality is a concept, not a responsibility.<\/p>\n

When quality problems happen, the typical situation may happen like this following scenario:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe developer explains: \u201cThe quality problems are caused by bad software requirements specifications, it is the fault of the requirements engineer\u201d. The requirements engineer disagrees: \u201cNo it is not me, it is the customers that keep changing their minds and testers do not review changes so defects are not detected\u201d. Testers protest: \u201cThe configuration people never tell me anything about changes, they are not documented. It is the fault of configuration managers\u201d. Another tester laments: \u201cIt is frustrating. no one appreciate what we do, they do not know that we work hard\u201d. The requirement engineer jumps in: \u201cTesters are the problem, I have no idea what they do, they do not have the skills, many are just graduating from school with no experience\u201d. Tester complains: \u201cIt is the developer\u2019s fault, they build the code, if they build bad code, they have to fix them so quality is the developers\u2019 fault\u201d. The developer argues: \u201cWe only code what the architect designs, if the design is bad then it is the architect\u2019 fault not us\u201d. The architect is angry: \u201cQuality is what you build in code, not what I design on paper. Quality assurance people must check the code so quality is their responsible\u201d.\u00a0 The quality assurance protests: \u201cI never review the code, I only check the documents. Testers test the code so it must be them\u201d. The tester accuses: \u201cQuality is your job, your title is \u201cQuality assurance\u201d you are the problem, you are lazy\u201d. The project manager steps in: \u201cThat is enough, I do not want any arguments in my team. We have a good team here. Quality problems come from someone outside the project, not us. We have to go to the root of the problem which is the customers\u201d. Of course, the blaming continue and software quality problem will never be solved.<\/p>\n

The question is who should be responsible for quality?\u00a0In software development, testing is used to identify defects and prevent them from getting to final product. Testing does NOT create quality and test team is NOT responsible for quality. Testing only provides information about the quality so it can be improved. Basically, test team helps development team to improve the quality because the earlier they find defects, the easier development team can fix them. Test team does NOT change the quality of the software, they only provide test result to the development team. It is up to development team to make decision on how to deal with the defects such as fix them or ignore them.<\/p>\n

To ensure quality and make sure defects are fixed, there is a second group called software quality assurance (SQA). The job of SQA is to check and make sure defects are fixed and developers are following the software process. The SQA support the improvement of quality but NOT responsible for quality. Like testers SQA only provides information about the quality so it can be improved. SQA gathers information about processes and products then pass this to developers and managers so they can fix defects. Thus SQA helps reduce the instances of failure in a product as it is used. SQA does not change quality but only make sure the source of errors is eliminated. It is the people who actually implement the design and build of the products who actually CAN improve the quality.<\/p>\n

Developer build the code according to the design and requirements. They ARE responsible for the quality of their code and must conduct their own unit tests to check on defects. If they do a bad job, defects will happen. When testers find defects, they will inform developers to fix them. Developers MUST fix these defects since they ARE responsible for the quality of the code. SQA must involve also to make sure that they are fixed accordingly by let project manager know what will happen to the quality if defects are not fixed.<\/p>\n

However, if the design is not complete or missing quality attributes than the architect is also responsible for quality. The job of the architect is to review customer requirements thoroughly and derive addition quality attributes to ensure the design is good so developers can implement them. Unfortunately, software architect is rarely taught in school today. The key weakness in current training is the lack of knowledge and skills in one very important area in software development: The architecture training. This missing function in the main cause in the quality of software development.<\/p>\n

Of course, architect designs the software based on requirements engineer\u2019s software requirements specification. If the requirements engineer does NOT do a good job in working with customers, understand their needs and document them thoroughly than it is their fault also. Unfortunately like architecture, requirements engineering is rarely taught in schools also. The key weakness in current training is the lack of knowledge and skills in this important area of software development: The requirements engineering training. This missing function is also main cause in the quality of software development.<\/p>\n

The project manager is ultimately responsible for the entire project AND the quality of the product. The manager must ensure that the process is being followed, all defects must be fixed before release to customers as well as the requirements are well documented according to customers\u2019 needs. The software architect is designed accordingly with full quality attributes. Basically the project manager is responsible for everything in the project. Unfortunately like architecture and requirements engineering, project management is also rarely taught in schools. The key weakness in current training is the lack of knowledge and skills in this important area of software development: The software project management training. This missing function is probably the most critical factor in the quality of software development.<\/p>\n

If you look at the quality you will see that the major problem is the lack of understand about the software process and the assignment of roles, responsibilities and authorities. The division of current software development is divided into functional groups. Each group operate independent of each others. No one know what other group is doing. No one is responsible for the entire process. People is only focusing on their jobs, and what they have to do within their limited area. Anything outside of their area is NOT their concern. No one want to be responsible for the final product. Unfortunately, software process is also rarely taught in schools. The key weakness in current training is the lack of knowledge and skills in this TOTAL VIEW of software development: The software process training. This missing function is probably the reason after so many years, the quality of software development has NOT been improved.<\/p>\n

Software students must understand that the roadmap to building high quality software products is software process. Software processes must be defined early and adapted to meet the needs of software engineers as they undertake the development of a software product. A software process provides a framework for managing activities that can very easily get out of control. Different types of projects require different software processes. The software engineer’s work products such as programs, documentation, and data are produced as a consequence of the activities defined by the software process.<\/p>\n

Is it time to look at these knowledge and skills are fix the education system? Is it time to focus on quality and reduce costs? Is it time to look at current trainings and ask the right questions? Is it time for software company to learn about software process? Is it time for the software industry to understand the relationship between process and quality? The best indicators of how well a software process has worked are the quality, timeliness, and costs of the software product.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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