{"id":2318,"date":"2013-07-06T09:05:26","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T02:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2013-07-06T09:05:26","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T02:05:26","slug":"nguyen-li-quan-li-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2318","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau. L\u00e0m sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra?”<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe n\u00f3i t\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 hay \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea9y m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n,\u00a0n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u nh\u01b0 Ba Lan, Hungary, Romania, C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Czech, v\u00e0 Slovakia\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf t\u1ed1t. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh th\u1ebf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng ai trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 th\u1eadt r\u00f5 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho t\u1edbi khi qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf M\u0129. Trong 30 n\u0103m qua M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 80% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n trong 20 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e9p, \u00f4 t\u00f4, d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. T\u1eeb 1980, 180 trong 500 c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf U.S. \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 6.5 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1ecf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1985, M\u0129 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00e9p cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u 95% th\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169 k\u0129, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y? H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c hay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1980, 98% c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 San Jose \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ng\u00e0y nay, 99% c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0 CPU do Intel l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y? Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u1ea7n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed M\u0129? H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c hay v\u1eabn b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 15 n\u0103m cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 n\u0103m cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1eef d\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm 80% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 42% v\u00ec H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n khi th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda? Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c hay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Trong 10 n\u0103m qua, kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ti vi. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1940 t\u1edbi 1970, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ti vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi RCA, Zenith, v\u00e0 GE – to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb 1980 t\u1edbi 2000, nhi\u1ec1u ti vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi Panasonic, Sonny \u2013 to\u00e0n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho Zenith, RCA hay GE? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129. Ng\u00e0y nay, Samsung, LG, \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Sonny v\u00e0 Panasonic. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111ang tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thu\u00ea\u201d v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi internet, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” cho d\u00f9 khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. V\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Taylor v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y coi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. Khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan li\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nghe c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n xo\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 ki\u1ebfm ra h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u0129, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u0129.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, chia s\u1ebb vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00eam n\u1eefa m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, “t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 cao b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao, k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01a1n tham gia thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1eadp m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p, k\u0129 n\u0103ng d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd \u0111i theo nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c” v\u00e0 “Th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m” ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd, hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd v\u00e0 “t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5y v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00ec h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c KH\u00d4NG ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang chi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 2010, M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u01a1n $500 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng. Hay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new management principle<\/p>\n

Last week, during class discussion about the impact of globalization, a student asked: \u201cMost people know that with globalization, things can change very fast and if you do not catch up, you will be left behind. How come many companies and management are still operating the same way like nothing happen?<\/p>\n

I answered: Many people hear about globalization or read about the need to improve but it does not mean they really understand it. As long as things do not impact them, they do not want to do anything. Most people will only react when something happens to them. Today, in the fast changing world, reacting is too late. That is why in the past few years, there were over seventy eight thousands companies in the world collapsed and several millions people lost their jobs. This was not caused entirely by the financial crisis although most blamed it because it was easy to explain. Sometime the problem was not happen at company level but also at country level too. You could look at what happened in Greek, Spain, and Portugal as their economies were collapsing. For example,\u00a0Portugal\u2019s economy was depending on its low cost labor and tourism. Developed European countries routinely shift light manufacturing works there to take the advantage of lower costs. When Eastern European countries such as Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, and Slovakia\u00a0 joined the European Union, they have lower costs, more labor workers, and good tax incentives. In just a short time, many businesses moved out of Portugal and into these Eastern European countries. Suddenly, Portugal\u2019s economy experienced a significant downturn with high unemployment, rising costs of living, and huge inflation. Portugal didn\u2019t recognize that its economy based on low labor costs can change so fast in a globalized world. No one in the government paid attention until it was too late. A similar situation can also be seen in Greek and Spain as these economies were also on the verge of being collapsed.<\/p>\n

In my opinion, the issue there were the lack of vision and complacency. If they understand the impact of globalization, they will act. Since they did not act, it means they did not understand it well or have no vision about what the future will bring. When people do not have vision, they will not understand what may happen and only react when something happens. The lack of vision and understanding leads to complacency and passive attitude. For many years, there were people in these countries raised issues about the need to develop technology workers instead of labor workers but their leaders were too busy with mundane daily works and failed to act. Globalization is not a new thing but they did not see the urgency to do anything until it was too late. Today, Greek, Spain, and Portugal economies are in very bad shape and need financial aids from other European countries. However, it is only a temporary solution and will not solve the problem. Nobody know what will happen next.<\/p>\n

The same thing were happened in the U.S. In the past 30 years the U.S has lost 80% of the market share in 20 major industries, including steel, automobile, electronics, textiles, and semiconductors. Since 1980, 180 of the top 500 companies in the U.S. have bankrupted and over 6.5 million jobs were eliminated. For example, before 1985, the U.S. exported steel to the world but now it imported 95% of steel from other countries. The U.S. steel industry was completely wiped out in just few years because they cannot compete with imported steel. For many years, the steel industry have enjoyed its success and high profit but had no vision about its future. Most of its manufactures were built in the late 19th<\/sup>\u00a0century with old machines, archaic equipments, and low productivity. When other countries modernized their steel manufactures for better outputs, the U.S Steel industry did not invest in the modernization therefore it could not compete with better price and higher quality steel from others. The same thing were happened to textiles and electronics industries. What happened to companies of these industries? They were no longer exist. What happened to their workers? They had to find another jobs or stayed unemployed. If you look at the personal computer industry. In 1980, 98% of computer components were built in the U.S and San Jose were booming with thousands semiconductor companies and several million jobs. Today, 99% of computer components are built in another countries, the only U.S made component in computer is the CPU made by Intel. What happened to these electronic companies? Most were gone when Japanese flooded the U.S market with cheaper and better electronics components. What happened to these U.S. electronics workers? They had to find another jobs or stayed unemployed. It took 15 years for the steel industry and textile industry to disappeared in the U.S. but it only took less than 5 years for the electronic industry to collapse. Globalization can impact every industry, every country as it gather more momentum, the speed of impact can be devastating as global competition is getting fierce.<\/p>\n

Fifteen years ago, Japan\u2019s electronics industry captured 80% of the world market but today it has only 42% as S. Korea and Taiwan are moving fast to compete with Japan and China is also positioning itself to be another competitor too. What happened to Japanese electronics companies when their market share fell into a half? Many Japanese electronics companies were gone, only larger and stronger ones survived. What happened to their workers? They had to find another jobs or stayed unemployed. In the past 10 years, Japanese economy was standing still with not much progress in sight. Today it is no longer the second economic power but fell to the third as China is occupied the second position. You can clearly see the change by looking at the consumer electronic such as television. Between 1940 to 1970, most TV were built by RCA, Zenith, and GE – all U.S companies. Then in 1980 to 2000, many TV were built by Panasonic, Sonny \u2013 all Japanese companies. What happened to Zenith, RCA or GE? They were gone and million jobs were lost in the U.S. Today, Samsung, LG, are moving quickly to compete with Sonny and Panasonic. What will happen for Japan\u2019s electronic industry remain to be seen in the next few years as these companies fight for market share.<\/p>\n

My question is what will happen to workers who are spending their entire careers in this industry if it is gone? What will happen to an economy where some major industries collapse with millions of workers lose their jobs? With globalization, there is no such thing as \u201cjob for life\u201d but only \u201cEmployability\u201d as things change fast. That is why as students, you must think about lifelong learning instead of having degrees. You must develop a sense of awareness of what is happening in the industry as well as in the world so you can prepare yourself to learn new skills, new areas if needed. Today with the internet, you can learn so many things about technology, skills, what is hot and what is not in the job market. However knowing is not enough, you must act by continuous learning new things, new skills so you are \u201cEmployable\u201d even when things change.<\/p>\n

With globalization, managers must stay current with what is happening in the world and improve their skills too. With global changes, management jobs are also changing so they need to learn new skills to be \u201cemployable\u201d. For many years, management training is based on the Taylor\u2019s theory of monitor and control. This theory considered management job is to manage the people who work for them. They give orders to workers and workers have to follow orders to do their jobs. This theory works well in a manufacturing environment with labor workers who are not well educated. These workers are trained quickly to do a specific work in an assembly line. In the fast changing world, this principle does not work anymore. As things are changing rapidly, workers who wait for order from manager will not be able to do anything. Lower level manager is not trained to make decision, they are only trained to manage their own people so they but wait for higher level to give them direction. Since there are many levels of management, the entire system become bureaucratic and very slow to change. That is why even with changes in the world, many companies are still operating like nothing happen. Most managers are still waiting for the direction from the top managers and without order, they cannot act. Some companies have good workers who can make things happen but their management do not have vision and understanding. They only react if things happen to them and refuse to listen to their workers. Of course, good workers are frustrated and leave then be replaced by mediocre workers because they are easier to find. Company like that cannot survive in this competitive world. That was what happened to the U.S textiles industry, the U.S steel industry, and the U.S electronics industry.<\/p>\n

With globalization, successful company hires the best workers they can find, share visions and directions with them, and allow them to do whatever they need to success. The new theory of management is not about control anymore but support workers, remove roadblocks, \u201cenable\u201d them to make things happen according to the company goals and directions. In the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century, in the globalized world, most manufacturing works will be highly automated with machines replacing labor workers. The workers are highly educated, highly skilled, better, smarter, and more ingenious who design, build and operate these machines. The management job of these highly educated workers is not control them but lead them and enable them to do their jobs. The new job of management in the globalized world is to provide leadership NOT manage. Top manager must develop vision, strategy and goals and share them with their people. To do that, they must study more, read more and be aware of the fast changing world.<\/p>\n

Today the new management training includes: Setting vision, formulating strategy, organizing direction, set business goals, motivate workers, listening skill, teamwork skill, counseling skill, coaching skill, mentoring skill, teaching skill, and problem solving. It requires that all levels of management must build relationship with workers and letting go of their own ego because the success of the company depends on the talent of the workers. Manager is no longer a person who monitor and control workers but a \u201cPartner\u201d and \u201cMentor\u201d who listen to them, understand them, and \u201cenable\u201d them to do their jobs to achieve the goals of the company. This new concept is difficult for current managers to grasp as many are afraid of losing control of their powers. Many managers have their own egos and a sense of power over their workers and that is why it is difficult for them to change. However, in this fast changing world, there is no choice as they either change or be eliminated. They have to accept the fact that the new management principle is \u201cCollaboration NOT control\u201d. That is why in the past few years, many companies are spending millions to retrain their management to this new concept. In 2010, the U.S. spent more than $500 million in management training alone.<\/p>\n

If you have talent workers but they are not producing results, ask yourself whether you are blocking their way. Or if you do not have the talent workers then you need to ask yourself why not and go and hire young talented, highly trained people to work for you. In this globalized world, not just workers have to improve their skills but managers too because achieve the remarkable results is set by the vision of the leader but implemented by the talent of the workers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2318"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2320,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions\/2320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}