{"id":2316,"date":"2013-07-06T09:04:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T02:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2316"},"modified":"2013-07-06T09:04:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T02:04:30","slug":"hoc-cai-gi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2316","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00ecnh c\u1edd em th\u1ea5y website c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y cho d\u00f9 em kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i th\u1eadt r\u00f5. Em s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Em mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho em v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:\u00a0 N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i trong website c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hay Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. (\u1ede M\u0129, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa $87,000 t\u1edbi $116,000 n\u0103m 2010).<\/p>\n

Trong ba n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean CNTT \u0111ang l\u00ean cao m\u1ecdi l\u00fac trong n\u0103m nay khi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo v\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e3ng 97% sinh vi\u00ean CNTT t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngay sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u1ede c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 CMU, Stanford v\u00e0 MIT, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung b\u00ecnh 3.4 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong n\u0103m 2010. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean CNTT ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Ts. Mehran Sahami t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 68% coi C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. S\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u0103ng l\u00ean 25% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Sinh vi\u00ean trong khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi trong y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh tin h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kinh doanh c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. T\u00f4i tin xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi khi nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\/ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, qui lu\u1eadt, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ‘k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7’ \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00edt l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i v\u00e0o, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ra c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT th\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Sinh vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ISM c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn CNTT theo c\u1ea3nh quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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What to study?<\/p>\n

A high school student wrote to me: \u201cI found your website by accident and enjoyed reading your articles even I did not understand some very well. I will be attending college this September but I am still not sure about what area to study. I want to have a good jobs when graduate from college. Could you give me some advices.\u201d<\/p>\n

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My answer:\u00a0 If you read my website\u2019s articles, you probably know my\u00a0 view about information technology. My advice is simple: \u201cIf you want to have a high paying job when graduate from college, study information technology area such as Computer Science, Software Engineering, or Information System Management\u201d. There are several studies indicated that job prospects are better in the technology areas and their starting salaries are also higher than other areas. (In the U.S, the salary of graduates in this area is between $87,000 to $116,000 in 2010).<\/p>\n

In the past three years, enrollment in information technology area was increasing significantly as more and more students discovered that this was a fast growing area. Even during the financial crisis, company hiring of IT graduates had remain unchanged with no sign of slowing down. The demand for IT graduates is reaching all time high this year as the economic recovery has began. According to several university reports about 97% of IT students found job immediately after graduated in both the U.S and Europe. I do not have data from Asia but both India and China also reported critical shortage of skilled IT workers so I believe that this is a global issue. At top schools such as CMU, Stanford and MIT, most graduate students received an average of 3.4 job offers in 2010. More companies are interested in IT students today than previous years, even some of them are not in the technology area.<\/p>\n

Dr. Mehran Sahami at StanfordUniversity published a survey of college students and found that 68% considered Information technology is a safer choice in this challenging economic times. The number of student taking computer classes increase 25% each year even many are not majoring in information technology. Students in natural science and medicine must also take computer classes because of the new areas in Computation medicine, Computation biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics. Students in business also take computer classes because the new areas of Risk management computation, Investment computation and Investment banking. I believe this trend will continue for the next ten years as more areas are adding computer courses and more companies are using computers to automate their works.<\/p>\n

There are some\u00a0differences between Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Information System Management even they are all part of the<\/em>\u00a0Information Technology area. Computer Science is concerned with both the physical and functional aspects of technology. It\u00a0deals with theories and research on how computers work at a very low level (both software\/hardware). Most programs are focusing on data structures, algorithms for specific application. If you like mathematics, laws, theories, and complexity of certain algorithms than this is a field for you.<\/p>\n

Software Engineering is concerned with all aspects of the development of computer software to solve problems. It covers the entire development life cycle from conceptual to implementation and it advocates that people work in team to solve problems. The software product must conforms to the requirements of the customers so the entire development must be \u201cengineered\u201d to deal with the large and complexity nature. If you like something practical, less theoretical than this field is for you.<\/p>\n

Information System Management is concerned with the management of the information system in a business environment. It focuses on input, manipulation and output of data and the application of the system to meet business goals and objectives. If you do not like technical but still want to stay in the IT area than this field is for you as it is more on the management aspect rather than the technical aspects<\/p>\n

For example, the computer scientist designs the information system, both the hardware and software (algorithms). The software engineer develop software architecture, build the software product according to requirements to solve a problem. The IS manager manages the entire systems (Hardware, software) to make sure that it meet the needs of the business. ISM students also take business courses and approach IT from a management perspective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00ecnh c\u1edd em th\u1ea5y website c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y cho … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2316"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2317,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2316\/revisions\/2317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}