{"id":231,"date":"2013-06-17T21:11:26","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T14:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=231"},"modified":"2013-06-17T21:11:26","modified_gmt":"2013-06-17T14:11:26","slug":"ban-lo-trinh-cho-nguoi-phat-trien-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=231","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y khuy\u00ean g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi? Em c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p:\u00a0 L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c cao m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 PHP, Java, hay C++ v.v. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n. Trong t\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1eabn nhau, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c websites, forums, v\u00e0 blog k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho n\u00ean gi\u1eef b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 websites hay app di \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean internet m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea1n l\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e1n th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00ecm ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra websites cho h\u1ecd hay t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn website c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 app di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t app cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f9a h\u00e8 hay l\u00e0m th\u1eed vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch, hay websites. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 thanh nh\u00e3 hay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.) B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea1n sang n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3i t\u1edbi khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A roadmap for software developer<\/p>\n

A first year Computer Science student asked me: \u201cWhat is your advice on becoming a good software developer? What do I need to be a professional developer? Please advice.”<\/p>\n

Answer:\u00a0 As a college student, you will take a number of computer courses each year which will give you a good foundation for your technical knowledge. However to be a good software developer, you need to do more. Following is a high level roadmap that I often share with my students.<\/p>\n

For first year students, you could start by reading programming books to learn about the development process then do the exercises by writing code. The more you write code the better you will improve your programming skills. It does not matter what language you learn, whether it is PHP, Java, or C++ etc. Eventually when you have sufficient skills, you may want to read more about software development methods, understand various lifecycle developments, and tools. In the summer, you should continue to practice writing code to improve your programming skills. You should at least master one programming language by the time you start the second year.<\/p>\n

In the second year, you may want to improve your skills by form team with other students, especially someone who are better than you. In this self-organizing team, you challenge each other, discuss programming techniques, methods, tools and learn from others. This is where you build your professional skills as well as soft-skills. You may want to follow technology websites, forums, and blogs to expand your knowledge. Technology changes fast so keep up with the current trend in the industry is important. Professional people always read so building a good reading habit is important. During the summer, you need to continue to improve your skills by develop some simple software products such as websites or mobile apps. There are many tutorials on the internet that you can learn from so take advantage of these offering.<\/p>\n

By the time you go to the third year, you may want to get a part time job develop software. Find someone who may need your skills and offer to them so you can practice more. It does not matter whether they pay you or not. What you need is to practice. You may want to help other students by create websites for them or volunteer to help improve the school\u2019s website. You may want to develop some mobile apps and share them with other students. Ask them for what they want and see if you can develop an app for it. The more you practice, the more you learn and you will learn a lot by actually doing work for others. You will learn how to get the right requirements, you will learn how to interact with different types of people, and you will learn how to design a software product. There is nothing better than actually doing real works.<\/p>\n

In the summer of the third year, you will need to find a summer job or an internship with a software company. Nothing better than to work under the mentoring of experienced software developers who can teach you much more than what you can learn in books, or websites. A few months summer job can help you to develop more working experience than you can imagine. By this time you will understand that what you have learned in school is mostly high level knowledge and theories but by apply these theories into practice, you will develop the skills that let you do more. Basically without these theories, you can only do limited works (Mostly not well design or non-maintainable works, you can get the code work but it is not elegant or sophisticated enough.) By having both the knowledge and the practice, you will develop professional skills.<\/p>\n

By the time you get to the fourth year, you already have a very strong knowledge and skills. This is the time where you focus on particular area and specific technology that you want to build your career on. Computer Science and Software Engineering have many specializations. This is the time where you let your passion help you to select which special area that you want to pursue and what kind of job that you want. You should focus on finding a job at the beginning of the fourth year, NOT until you graduate. If you do well in the summer job, the chance is you will get a job offer at the company that you worked in the summer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y khuy\u00ean g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi? Em … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":232,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions\/232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}