{"id":2307,"date":"2013-07-06T08:52:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2307"},"modified":"2013-07-06T08:52:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:52:11","slug":"chuan-dao-tao-cho-dai-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2307","title":{"rendered":"Chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1ed3i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn CMMI, Agile, ISO, v\u00e0 CMU. \u0110\u00e2y KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. CMMI l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, ISO l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Agile l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 CMU l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n – Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed – Computer Society of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE-CS hay H\u1ed9i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin – Association for Information Systems (AIS). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin – Association for Information Technology Professionals (AITP). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. AITP h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00eda chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1995, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u0103m 1995, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u0129. N\u0103m 2001, ACM v\u00e0 IEEE-CS \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chung cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc c\u1eed nh\u00e2n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. (C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 CMU, MIT, Stanford v.v \u0111ang theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n ACM, IEEE v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd). Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay sau khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p (th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u00edt l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n). \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c); v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m n\u00e2ng cao th\u00eam qui tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p). \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111i theo chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t khi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u)<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau then ch\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111a ng\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
  4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n, hay qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u mong mu\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
  5. Hi\u1ec3u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
  6. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
  7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  8. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
  9. Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  10. C\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  11. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Bi\u1ec3u\u00a0 l\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
    2. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    3. L\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi \u201cChi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, tri th\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/li>\n
    4. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u mi\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/li>\n
    5. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
    6. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
    7. H\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra m\u01b0\u1eddi khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n)<\/li>\n
      2. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m)<\/li>\n
      3. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p (N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1p l\u00ed)<\/li>\n
      4. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 & ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng & ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/li>\n
      5. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (B\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1)<\/li>\n
      6. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m & ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/li>\n
      7. Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (di tr\u00fa, c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/li>\n
      8. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, chu\u1ea9n, qui tr\u00ecnh)<\/li>\n
      9. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed & ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/li>\n
      10. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn 15 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd)<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/li>\n
        2. H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin & x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n
        3. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh & h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/li>\n
        4. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dung sai & s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n
        5. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh cao<\/li>\n
        6. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t<\/li>\n
        7. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang & th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n
        8. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
        9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n
        10. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng & xe c\u1ed9<\/li>\n
        11. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng & ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n
        12. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh y<\/li>\n
        13. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n & tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i & gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/li>\n
        14. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n
        15. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1c t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 15 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u00ecm ra th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          —-English version—-<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Training standard for university<\/p>\n

          Some of you asked me about the standard for computing trainings then cited CMMI, Agile, ISO, and CMU. These are NOT computing training standards. CMMI is a framework for process improvement, ISO is \u00a0standard for quality management, Agile is an approach to software development, and CMU is an university. Basically, there are four organizations in the U.S. that develop computing training curriculum guidelines for all universities. They are:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). This group is a scientific organization concerned with the development of new knowledge about all aspects of computing. It consists mostly of computer scientists who devise new ways of using computers and who advance the science and theory that underlies both computation itself and the software that enables it.<\/li>\n
          2. The Computer Society of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE-CS or the Computer Society). This group consists of many professional software people who are concerned with large scale and complex computing and applications from the engineering perspective.<\/li>\n
          3. The Association for Information Systems (AIS). This group consists mostly of academic professionals who focuses on the relationship between business, management and the application of computing in business.<\/li>\n
          4. The Association for Information Technology Professionals (AITP). This group is an organization concerned mostly with the data processing and management of computing system. AITP focuses on the professional side of computing, serving those who use computing technology to meet the needs of business and other organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Prior to the 1995, each group produced its own training curriculum standard recommendations. As technology changes quickly, many of these become obsolete and do not meet the need of the industry. In 1995, these groups cooperated with each others in creating curriculum standard to improve the trainings in U.S universities. In 2001, ACM and IEEE-CS joined forces to create a joint curriculum for computing for four-year Bachelor\u2019s degree programs in computer science, computer engineering, and software engineering. Today, almost every universities in the U.S and many foreign universities are following this standard guideline. (Universities such as CMU, MIT, Stanford etc. are following the ACM, IEEE standard guideline for their program trainings). When I taught in Japan, S. Korea, China and Europe, I also found that they also adopt this standard in their curricula.<\/p>\n

            The key principles of this standard are: Students must receive knowledge and skills training necessary to work as soon as they graduated. (More practices, less theories); Trainings must be redesigned to guide students in the application of technology in the business context (Practical works similar to real business); and technology must be selected that enhance the educational process and industry\u2019s needs. (More collaboration between university and industry). University follows this standard must focus on a disciplined approach that cover the entire life cycle or software activities from conceptual to product release and maintenance services. Although programming languages are the foundation but management and the application of tools, methods to solve problems must be also be emphasized in order for\u00a0<\/b>new graduate, once on the job, is going to be better prepared to contribute to the business with appropriate experience and knowledge. Written and communication skills are also be required as appropriated supporting courses. (In most foreign universities, English language is often required)<\/p>\n

            The standard consists of eleven key objectives:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Ability to apply knowledge of science, engineering, and mathematics.<\/li>\n
            2. Ability to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.<\/li>\n
            3. Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams.<\/li>\n
            4. Ability to design a system, components, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, and ethical.<\/li>\n
            5. Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.<\/li>\n
            6. Ability to identify, formulate, and solve problems.<\/li>\n
            7. Ability to use techniques, skills, and tools.<\/li>\n
            8. Ability to communicate effectively.<\/li>\n
            9. Recognition of the need for and ability to engage in lifelong learning.<\/li>\n
            10. Have knowledge of contemporary issues.<\/li>\n
            11. Broad education necessary to understand the impact of solution in a global, economics, environmental, and social context.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              The standard lists the outcomes of students who complete the training as:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Show mastery of the software knowledge and skills necessary to begin practice.<\/li>\n
              2. Work individually and in team to develop quality software.<\/li>\n
              3. Make appropriate trade-offs, within the limitations imposed by \u201cCost, time, knowledge, existing systems, and organizations\u201d.<\/li>\n
              4. Perform design in one or more domains using software approaches integrating \u201cethical, social, legal, and economic concerns\u201d.<\/li>\n
              5. Demonstrate understanding of and apply current theories, models, and techniques necessary for software systems.<\/li>\n
              6. Demonstrate skills such as interpersonal negotiation, effective work habits, leadership and communication.<\/li>\n
              7. Learn new models, techniques, and technologies, as they emerge.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                The standard lists ten fundamental areas:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Fundamental of computing (Programming, data structure, algorithms)<\/li>\n
                2. Fundamental Mathematics (Basic Math, Statistics, Empirical methods)<\/li>\n
                3. Professional Practices (Group dynamics, communication, ethics, legal)<\/li>\n
                4. Modeling & Analysis (Modeling principles, system & quality attributes)<\/li>\n
                5. Software Design (Trade-off, architectures, patterns, evaluation)<\/li>\n
                6. Software Testing (verification & Validation, Review, Inspections)<\/li>\n
                7. Software Evolution (Migration, Refactoring, Reverse engineering)<\/li>\n
                8. Software Process (Life cycle modeling, standards, processes)<\/li>\n
                9. Software Quality (Quality attributes, cost & impact analysis)<\/li>\n
                10. Software Management (Management principles, planning, controls)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  The standard recognizes 15 different specialized areas in computing (University could select among these to strengthen their training programs)<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Network Centric systems<\/li>\n
                  2. Information systems & Data Processing<\/li>\n
                  3. Financial & e-Commerce systems<\/li>\n
                  4. Fault-tolerance & Survivable systems<\/li>\n
                  5. Highly secure systems<\/li>\n
                  6. Safety-Critical systems<\/li>\n
                  7. Embedded & Real-time systems<\/li>\n
                  8. Scientific systems<\/li>\n
                  9. Telecommunication systems<\/li>\n
                  10. Avionics & Vehicular systems<\/li>\n
                  11. Factory & Industrial process-control systems<\/li>\n
                  12. Biomedical systems<\/li>\n
                  13. Multimedia & game & entertainment systems<\/li>\n
                  14. Mobile platform systems<\/li>\n
                  15. Agent-based systems<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Of course, I do not know of any university that offer all 15 areas. Most select a few to focus on so students who want to specialize in certain area must carefully find out more about their offering before apply.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1ed3i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn CMMI, Agile, ISO, v\u00e0 CMU. \u0110\u00e2y KH\u00d4NG … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2308,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307\/revisions\/2308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}