{"id":2300,"date":"2013-07-06T08:45:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2300"},"modified":"2013-07-06T08:45:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:45:13","slug":"ki-nang-lac-hau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2300","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. M\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi sa th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/span><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t & h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y hay Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SaaS) nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang “Thu\u00ea” thay v\u00ec “Mua” do chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa.\u00a0 V\u1edbi “thu\u00ea” h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CNTT v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i PBX \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, video, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb xa. M\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf qua th\u1eddi gian. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n: V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng giao th\u1ee9c IPX\/SPX hay IDP c\u1ee7a Xerox Network Systems. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n sang TCP\/IP v\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb: V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay thay th\u1ebf chip ROM. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1c cho n\u00ean thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea1c m\u1edbi r\u1ebb h\u01a1n s\u1eeda t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, hay m\u00e1y in. Mua c\u00e1i m\u1edbi r\u1ebb h\u01a1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu: C\u00f3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh: COBOL v\u00e0 Fortran \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb qu\u00e3ng tr\u00ean 50 n\u0103m nay. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a COBOL v\u00e0 Fortran \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb 20 n\u0103m qua v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng kinh doanh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chung s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00f5 & nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng tay. V\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1eef h\u1ecd thu\u00ea th\u01b0 k\u00ed g\u00f5 th\u01b0 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 \u0111i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f5 emails (Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch g\u00f5). Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a “v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay n\u00f3i tin nh\u1eafn nhanh” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng email nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafn tin nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u01b0 k\u00ed hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 email: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 email c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Trong khi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng email \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay, trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafn tin v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Web. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho email \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Obsolete skills<\/p>\n

The key aspect of Information Technology (IT) is new technologies are created every year. That means IT workers must continuously update their skills or else they will NOT be able to maintain their jobs. Currently there is a shortage of skilled IT people all over the world but at the same time there is a large number of IT workers that could not find jobs because they do not have the needed skills. All developed countries have to bring in skilled workers from other countries but at the same time fire a large number of IT workers because they do not keep up with the change in technology or willing to learn new skills. Following are some skills that are no longer needed by the industry in developed countries:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software installation & support: With the advance of cloud computing or Software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many companies are \u201cRenting\u201d instead of \u201cBuying\u201d because of reduced cost and better technical support. Most medium sized and small companies no longer need to spend money on computing hardware, servers and people who do installation and support their IT systems anymore.\u00a0 By “renting” computing systems from cloud computing providers, most supporting services are included. This means that there is no longer need for IT support staff and people with these skills.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Telephony: PBX telephone systems are becoming obsolete although some developing countries are still using it. The principles of telephony have not changed, but how they are implemented has changed a lot. Today, telephone is not just a voice system but a comprehensive communications package that includes data, instant messenger, text, video, and teleconferencing. The old public switched telephone network will gradually be replaced over time. Many countries are now getting rid of land lines and switch to cell phones instead. This means that there is no longer need for telephone line support person.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Older communication Network: Few years ago, some communication package are using IPX\/SPX or Xerox Network Systems’ IDP and SPP protocol. Today most networks are switching to TCP\/IP as it become the global standard protocol. This means that there is no longer need for people who support other protocols.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Computer and equipment repair: Few years ago, people can repair computer component or replace ROM chips. Today these components are fully integrated into a card so it is cheaper to replace a new card rather than repair individual component. The same thing happens to other equipments such as monitor, disk drive, or printer. It is cheaper to buy a new one than to repair them.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obsolete programming languages: There are two programming languages: COBOL and Fortran that have been around for over 50 years. They are two of the oldest programming languages. The demise of COBOL and Fortran have been said for the past 20 years and yet they still remains in many government mainframe IT systems and older manufacturing business systems. As new applications are written in other languages, programs that were written in these two languages and the people who support them will find themselves needing a new skill set or stay unemployed.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Typing & Data entry: In the old days, people write handwritten mails. With typewriters they hire secretaries to type letters or data entry persons to type data into mainframe computer. These jobs are on the decline for many years but some companies still keep secretaries to type emails (Many managers do not know how to type). \u00a0Today, with the rise of “text or IM speech” and the popular of personal computers, Many people do not use e-mail as much but using texting as their means of communication so the need to have secretary or data entry people are gone.<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Email support: E-mail support is also an outdated skill set. While not immediately gone but the number of people using e-mail is declining quickly, especially among younger groups. In most business today, communication on the rise are texting, instant messenger and Web conferencing. Some places might not see an impact yet, but the support of e-mail is on the declining and will be gone soon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2300"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2301,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2300\/revisions\/2301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}