{"id":2292,"date":"2013-07-06T08:39:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2292"},"modified":"2013-07-06T08:39:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T01:39:04","slug":"tham-hoa-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2292","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2009, British Airways t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ga Terminal 5 c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n bay Heathrow. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3, nh\u00e0 ga m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean s\u1eadp v\u00e0 British Airways ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf 34 chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c check in h\u00e0nh l\u00ed. Su\u1ed1t 10 ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean 28,000 t\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 500 chuy\u1ebfn bay b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ga kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u cho ng\u00e0y khai m\u1ea1c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a British Airways v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui cho l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 khi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi du h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n v\u00ec c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u00e0 do th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecf qua pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 sau, c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m xong cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.\u201d Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eadp th\u00f4i. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee1 k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y bay Airbus A380 c\u0169ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 do ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Theo nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean khi Airbus \u0111em hai n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kia. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed giao di\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1edbi khi th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la hay h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc do ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 75% s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng 92% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qui cho thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u00cdt h\u01a1n 8% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qui cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y hay do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v.v.) trong pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 4,000 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: 52% s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; 48% s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m; 65% c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; 42% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi g\u00ec r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: Bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay? Bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e3? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec3u l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u email t\u1eeb c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u\u201d hay \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1ecf qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.\u201d C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sau khi m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n th\u1ebf? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh dung xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y? L\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y nay? Hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software disasters<\/p>\n

In the past few years, there were so many software disasters and most of them could have been avoided. Testing plays a important role in the software project success but many software project managers do not value it well. They often do not plan enough time for testing. Sometime they cancel testing just to meet the schedule and that is why many disasters happen. Following are some examples:<\/p>\n

In 2009, British Airways celebrated the opening of Heathrow\u2019s Airport Terminal 5. It was supposed to be a celebration occasion but instead turned into an absolute disaster as the failure of the baggage handling systems disrupted thousands of travelers. On the opening day, with government officials and important guests arrived to celebrate, and with hundred thousand travelers ready to use it, the new terminal was not operating smoothly. The baggage handling systems control by computers suddenly crashed and British Airways had to cancel 34 flights and was later forced to suspend all baggage check in. Over the following 10 days, over 28,000 bags were missing their flights and over 500 flights were cancelled. The problems were found with the terminal’s computer systems not properly functioning. Later it was found that software managers ordered testers to stop testing just to meet the opening day schedule. To problem cost British Airways several hundred million dollars.<\/p>\n

Another failure that can be attributed to insufficient testing is the UK government\u2019s passport system few years before. It was in the summer where million people travel but could not get their passports on time because the Government Passport Agency had brought in a new computer system without testing it and it crashed often. Later it was found that due to limited time of the software project, the project manager ordered developers to skip testing phase. He said: \u201cWe can always fix defects later, just get the software to customers first so we can meet the schedule\u201d. The software of several million lines of code was never test and of course it crashed. Hundred thousand people missed their vacations and the passport office had to pay millions in compensation for people who applied to get new passports but could not.<\/p>\n

The Airbus A380 also experienced problems and several years delays due to inadequate testing. According to several sources, the problem arose with communications between two countries when each used different computer systems. The German system used an out-of-date version of software and the French system used the latest version. So when Airbus was bringing together two halves of the aircraft to integrate, the different software meant that the wiring on one did not match the wiring in the other. It seemed that the configuration management was NOT well defined, no one test the interfaces, no one test the compatibility of two version of software and no one conduct integration test until it is too late. The problem was later fixed, but at a cost of hundred million dollars or more.<\/p>\n

There are thousands similar cases of computer failures in every countries due to inadequate testing and management\u2019s wrong decisions. Most of the failures are large projects and 75% of them are government\u2019s projects. These failure resulted from many causes but 92% can be attributed to management incompetents. Less than 8% can be attributed to technical issues. These technical issues can be traced to the use of new technology that never been used before or the lack of performance when designers failed to take into consideration of quality attributes (Performance, scalability, efficiency etc.) during the architecture phase. By analyze data from over 4,000 failure software projects, researchers found that: 52% of them do not have well defined vision, goals and objectives for the project; 48% of them have bad planning and estimates; 65% have incompetent project managers; 42% have insufficient number of team members. All of them can be attributed to management issues.<\/p>\n

There is no doubt that management is the single biggest cause of problems on software project. My questions are: How many students are taught about software project management in school today? How many schools are teaching software project management in their programs? How many people understand that software project management is NOT project management? How many people are promoted to software project manager without any trainings? How many programmers become software project managers because they know something about code? How many project managers make decisions based on schedule and budget instead of quality? How many managers understand planning and estimating? Even today, with all of these disasters, I still receive many emails from students tell me that \u201cMy manager orders stop testing to meet schedule\u201d or \u201cMy manager orders skip designing and start coding\u201d. My last questions are: How many executives and senior managers understand the problem with software after losing so much money? Have they learned anything? If failure teaches more than success, imagine how much they can learn from all these software disasters? How come it still happen today? Or have they ever learned anything?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng vai … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2292"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2293,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2292\/revisions\/2293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}