{"id":2241,"date":"2013-07-05T12:40:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2241"},"modified":"2013-07-05T12:40:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:40:05","slug":"cong-nghe-sinh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2241","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tin sinh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ai nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tin sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin sinh h\u1ecdc. Trong sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 hay h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tin sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 d\u00e3y DNA hay th\u00f4ng tin tia X \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c hay c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed ga, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Robot y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hay thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v.<\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tin sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 23%. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (m\u1ee9c th\u1ea1c s\u0129 hay ti\u1ebfn s\u0129). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea doanh nghi\u1ec7p, tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng tin sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. L\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb $150,000 t\u1edbi $250,000 \u1edf M\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia tin c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i 50 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. H\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa ung th\u01b0, AIDS, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. H\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd xu h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 gen v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 protein \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong gen, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n protein, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i t\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Chung cu\u1ed9c, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong tin sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biotechnology<\/p>\n

What happen when you combine biology and information technology into one field? The answer: \u201cYou create a new study field called Bioinformatics and to larger extend Biotechnology. Few years ago, no one heard about this field but today it is one of the hottest and most promising growing field in the industry.<\/p>\n

Basically, Bioinformatics is the study on the use of information technology to process biological information. In biology there are so many information that will take many years for scientists to identify, analyze and understand. Some are so complex that it may take decade or more just to study them. What bioinformatics field do is to use computer technology to process large amounts of biologically information such as DNA sequences or X-rays information to shorten the research by Scientists and help them to create better drugs, new therapies in medical and pharmaceutical industry or new crops, disease resistant crops in agriculture, and new synthetic products such as oils, gas, materials. For example, Synthetic biology, an attempt to adapt certain biology and material science methods to the development of biological products to meet users needs. Medical robotic is an attempt to develop robots that can perform various medical tasks such as perform surgical, help relieve strain or replacing a human functions etc.<\/p>\n

According to U.S. government study, the bioinformatics job market have an annual growth rate of 23%. Since this is a very new area, it does not have enough workers so it is also a good choice for students to get into. Today, this field is offered in only a few countries and as a graduate degree (Master or Ph.D level). If you want to go into this field, you should have a good background in computer science, software engineering, business statistics, basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.<\/p>\n

Graduates with bioinformatics, biotechnology degrees can expect to find employment in a variety of different areas from hospital to pharmaceutical industry and sometime in agriculture. Salary range from $150,000 to $250,000 in the U.S. However, this field is a demanding and rapidly evolving area that requires workers to stay on top of technology and new developments. Many experts believe biotechnology is the new field that will change the science of the 21st<\/sup>century. An U.S. government official said: \u201cIf the computer and software have impacted the last 30 years of the 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century then biotechnology will change the next 50 years of the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century. Imagine that through biotechnology, we can develop drugs to cure cancer, AIDS, and all kind of diseases. Imagine that we can create synthetic oil that sell for one tenth of current oil price, imagine that we can create disease resistant crops that give ten times the yield over regular crops and grow faster, better with limited water consumption. What happen in this field will change everything from economic, society, politics, and help solve many global issues\u201d.<\/p>\n

Probably the most important trend in this field is the increasing availability of biological data, that many scientists do not know they exist few years ago. The discovery of genome sequences and protein sequences have help scientists to understand gene expression data, protein expression, protein structures etc. This will help scientists to come up with new drugs, new ways of treatment diseases. Ultimately, many discoveries in bioinformatics will benefit the entire world.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2242,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241\/revisions\/2242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}