{"id":2233,"date":"2013-07-05T12:36:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2233"},"modified":"2013-07-05T12:36:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:36:42","slug":"nguoi-phat-trien-va-nguoi-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2233","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. B\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u1ede m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Sai l\u1ea7m chung l\u00e0 coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, do v\u1eady l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa hai vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i m\u00e3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd tin ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ch\u1ec9 cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 “\u0103n b\u00e1nh”. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 hai tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho anh ta. Anh ta v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i anh ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng anh ta sai. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Developers and Testers<\/p>\n

Software development requires people to work together as a team. Within the team there are some well-defined roles and responsibilities. For example: Project manager, Team leaders, Software configuration manager; Quality assurance specialist. However, Developers and Testers often have conflicting issues with each other and managers usually do not know how to solve. On an effective team, testers and developers complement one another, each providing perspectives and skills that the other may lack. A common mistake is to consider testers as entry level person and developers as more senior, thus encourage more issues between these two roles. In fact, good testers have many skills that can help developers to improve the way they build software.<\/p>\n

Today, most training programs are focusing on programming skills. Students spend several years learning programming languages and how to debug their own code so they believe testing is just about finding defects and nothing else. Since most training programs do not teach software testing or just give students an overview of testing, many developers do not know how difficult testing can be. Testing requires patience and flexibility with focus on detail and an understanding of the big picture. This contrasts with developers, who are required to be specialists in particular technical areas assigned to them. Developers always have time to do their work but testers always have to be able to learn thing quickly on anything that they test. They often have little time to learn a new product or feature but must do it anyway. They must learn what developers do and compare with the requirements and create test cases then perform all tests in the time available on the schedule. Testers also must understand the mind of users and how they use the software in their environment instead of the way developers may like them to. Basically a professional testers must know more and do much more than developers.<\/p>\n

Of course, testers are frustrated working with developers who think testing is easy. Few years ago, one developer commented on the team meeting that testing is easy as \u201ceating a cake\u201d. I can see that several testers were ready to react so I said: \u201cIn that case, I would like you to spend two weeks in testing since you can do better job than the testing team.\u201d The developer who had been used to depend on the test team to do testing learned a valuable lesson as all testers were told not to help him. He struggled for days without complete anything and in the end he had to come in and admitted that he was wrong. Afterward, I noticed some differences between the attitudes of testers and developers. Of course, there are good developers who can also test well, and there are many testers who can write very good code but if you look at most software company, you will see that they hire more testers than developers.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. B\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2233"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2234,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions\/2234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}