{"id":2227,"date":"2013-07-05T12:33:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2227"},"modified":"2013-07-05T12:33:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:33:11","slug":"cau-chuyen-ibm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2227","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n IBM"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m nay – 16\/06\/2011- IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 tu\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti “r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0” (Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u00f4ng ti h\u01a1n 10 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “gi\u00e0”) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb trung. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao IBM v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 16\/06\/1911, khi ba c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ghi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e1y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y ghi -Computing Tabulating Recording Company. V\u1ec1 sau n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf – International Business Machines (IBM). M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5c tr\u00ean b\u00eca. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, b\u00eca c\u1ee7a IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 26 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00eca), \u00a0x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra (m\u00e1y in). V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, IBM l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kinh doanh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. L\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t trong IBM l\u00e0 Thomas J. Watson Sr., m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi phong th\u00e1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tu\u00e2n theo chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c (\u00e1o s\u01a1 mi tr\u1eafng, qu\u1ea7n xanh v\u00e0 c\u00e0 v\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecf) cho t\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0: “Ngh\u0129”). Ch\u00ednh Watson, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 con \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, Thomas Watson Jr. \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng IBM th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb giao t\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho t\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00f4ng gian. IBM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u1edf IBM:\u00a0 \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a t\u1eeb, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng, \u1ed5 th\u1ebb t\u1eeb, \u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, th\u1ebb nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, IBM \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho IBM l\u00e0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00ed v.v. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb hai sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Steve Wozniak v\u00e0 Steve Jobs. C\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ean l\u00e0 Apple \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n “b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p” cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi: \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed” v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Thung l\u0169ng Silicon”. Steve Jobs tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn (IBM) b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, “nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n”. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cVoi l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111e do\u1ea1 t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 IBM ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, “c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn” li\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Personal Computer (PC) \u0111\u1ec3 “tr\u1ea5n” l\u00ean “k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9” n\u00e0y. Trong khi v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng th\u00e2u t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, IBM ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti “v\u00f4 danh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t” c\u00f3 t\u00ean Microsoft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Bill Gates. C\u1ea3 IBM v\u00e0 Apple \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cho n\u00ean khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, gi\u00e1 PC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u0103ng l\u00ean. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho PC, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xin c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb Microsoft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti “v\u00f4 danh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t” n\u00e0y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00ean, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng “tr\u1ea5n” l\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn: IBM v\u00e0 Apple. Ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Bill Gates d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c: \u201cKhi hai c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, ng\u01b0 \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi PC c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM. Khi s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a IBM c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo. C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u0103m tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi IBM hay \u201ccon voi l\u1edbn\u201d l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, qu\u00e1 quan li\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh nh\u01b0ng IBM \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m CEO n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Louis Gerstner, CEO m\u1edbi \u00edt c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. IBM, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 406,000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111i h\u01a1n 150,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khi c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 16 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong n\u0103m n\u0103m. Thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 \u1edf trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd \u1edf trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u201d D\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, IBM cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 mua m\u00e1y t\u00ednh IBM \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. \u00a0Khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho IBM \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. IBM gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia. Qua th\u1eddi gian, vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho IBM tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 Louis Gerstner \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn sau khi c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00ecnh: \u201cK\u1ebb n\u00e0o d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o voi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 18 trong 500 c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Google, hai l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Apple. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean $200 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Google v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Microsoft. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y,\u201d nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o “Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5” hay “T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Google, Apple, Microsoft, Dell, HP, v\u00e0 Oracle nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con voi xanh l\u1edbn: IBM.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 IBM \u201cr\u1ea5t gi\u00e0\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb trung. (V\u00ec b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00ean t\u00f4i xin l\u1ed7i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.)<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay IBM kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Carnegie Mellon, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cWatson\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cJeopardy\u201d b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t, nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ed9t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 “Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o” chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “M\u00e1y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc” \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi Watson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00e2y gi\u1edd). M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u CMU, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u00e0i blog kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Watson.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The IBM story<\/p>\n

Today – June 16, 2011- IBM turns 100 year old. It is difficult to imagine a \u201cvery old\u201d company (In high-tech industry, company with more than 10 years is considered \u201cold\u201d) is still have the vitality of a young startups. Before I explain why I think IBM is still strong, let us look at its history.<\/p>\n

The company was formed in June 16, 1911, when three companies that made scales, punch-clocks, and office machines merged to form the \u201cComputing Tabulating Recording Company\u201d. Later it change the name to International Business Machines (IBM). One of the products was a machines that read data stored on punch cards. In 1930s, IBM’s cards were used to keep track of 26 million Americans in the Social Security program. The machine has three major components: Input (To read cards), Processing and data storage, and Output (Printer). At that time, it is the most sophisticated machines in the industry.<\/p>\n

During World War 2, when computing technologies were developed to be used in missile and space programs. IBM immediately jumped into the computer business. The key force in IBM was Thomas J. Watson Sr., a person with strong management style. He demanded everybody in his company to follow strict standards for everything from the clothes they wear (white shirts, blue suit and red ties) to creativity (his slogan: “Think”). It was Watson, and later his son, Thomas Watson Jr. that build IBM into the most powerful computer company in the world. In just ten years, its computers were used to calculate everything, from banking transactions to launching space satellites. IBM invested significant funding and resources into research to maintain its dominance in the market. Today, many components that we use in information technology were invented at IBM:\u00a0 Paper tape drive, magnetic drive, hard disk drive, magnetic card drive, floppy disk, database storage, key board, memory card, and several programming languages.<\/p>\n

By 1960s, IBM was the largest high-tech company in the world. Its computers were sold to almost every countries and its workforce reached over half million people. Because IBM computers were used in many businesses and manufactures, including governments. It is a dream of most engineers and developers at that time to work for IBM.<\/p>\n

In late 1970s, the technology industry changed significantly with new inventions such as transistor, semiconducting chips and microprocessors etc. These electronic components allowed hobbyists to build their own computers. Of course, nobody would even think these small homemade computers could compete with the large IBM mainframe, except two young students named Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. Together they formed a company called Apple to sell \u201cAssemble kits\u201d for people who like to build computers. This small business grew into big business and created a new revolution: \u201cThe electronic revolution\u201d and later the electronic industry in a place called \u201cSilicon Valley\u201d. Steve Jobs declared that his small company will beat the big company (IBM) because in the fast changing market, \u201cSmaller is faster\u201d. His famous quote: \u201cBig elephant cannot dance\u201d.<\/p>\n

When Apple computer began to threaten the market that IBM control, the \u201cbig company\u201d immediately created another smaller computer called Personal Computer (PC) to \u201cSquat\u201d this \u201csmall competitor\u201d. In a hurry to recapture the market, IBM made a big mistake by allow an \u201cUnknown\u201d company called Microsoft to build the software that control the operation system. At that time, few people would consider software as the key factor, except Bill Gates. Both IBM and Apple were hardware companies so as they compete the battle should happen in the hardware arena. However, as the price of hardware goes down, PC prices became more affordable, more people are buying it so the need for more software applications increases. To build software for the PC, every companies must have license from Microsoft to use its operating system. Suddenly this \u201cUnknown\u201d company grew bigger, more powerful and eventually \u201cSquat\u201d both bigger company: IBM and Apple. Somebody mentioned that Bill Gates using another quote: \u201cWhen Kingfisher and Clam fight, it is the fisherman who win\u201d.<\/p>\n

As the PC get more powerful, more companies were using it instead of IBM mainframes. As sales of mainframe dropped, \u00a0so was IBM values. Its stocks dropped from over five hundred dollars per share to merely less than one hundred. Many people considered IBM or \u201cThe big elephant\u201d was too big, too bureaucratic to compete in fast-changing times but IBM hired an outsider as CEO in 1993 to help with a turnaround.<\/p>\n

Louis Gerstner, the new CEO had little knowledge of technology but had a new vision for this company. First, he broke up many hardware groups that did not perform well and eliminated jobs. IBM, which had 406,000 employees shed more than 150,000 jobs as the company lost nearly $16 billion over five years. Instead of continue to build mainframe computers, he turned all efforts into providing services. He said: \u201cThe future of this industry is not in hardware, not in software but in services. In the next century, everything will be in services\u201d. Under his leadership, IBM provided data storage and technical support to companies that had already bought IBM computers to keep all old customers happy. \u00a0When economic crises happened, many companies could not afford to keep their own IT workers, many paid IBM to take over the works. IBM helped them find ways to cut costs and handle technology that they do not have the expertise. Over time, the new vision helped IBM to become the world’s biggest technology services provider. As Lou Gerstner was quoted after the company successful transformed itself: \u201cWho said elephant cannot dance?\u201d.<\/p>\n

Today with about $100 billion in annual revenue. IBM is ranked 18th in the top 500 global companies. It is three times the size of Google, twice bigger than Apple. Its market value of over $200 billion is much better than both Google and its old enemy, Microsoft. As people began to recognize that \u201cService is replacing both software and hardware as the key factor to grow in this competitive market\u201d, many companies began to jump into \u201cSoftware as a Service\u201d or \u201cCloud computing\u201d including Google, Apple, Microsoft, Dell, HP, and Oracle but on the top is still the big blue elephant: IBM.<\/p>\n

To conclude this story, I would like to share with you my own opinion on why do I think the \u201cvery old\u201d IBM is still have the vitality of a young startups. (Since it may be bias because it does involve myself, my apology for some readers).<\/p>\n

Today IBM do not stop at just providing services. Its division just create a new computer technology. This technology will again create a new revolution in the information technology. By collaborate with Carnegie Mellon, the new computer called \u201cWatson\u201d has defeated two top people in the game show called \u201cJeopardy\u201d by answered many questions correctly. This is the smartest, fastest and most sophisticated computer ever built. In few years, it will replace many computers that we use today. There will be no keyboard, no mouse but only natural languages. This computer is using the most advanced \u201cArtificial Intelligence\u201d technology called \u201cMachine learning\u201d to learn how to interact with human. With Watson, users can ask the computer to do certain things in their own language (Today, it is still in English but the computer is learning several languages now). The computer will analyze your command and will answer accordingly. Since I am involving in this technology as a team member of the CMU research, I will have another blog article about Watson.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m nay – 16\/06\/2011- IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 tu\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti “r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0” (Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2228,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2227\/revisions\/2228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}