{"id":222,"date":"2013-06-17T21:03:42","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T14:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=222"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:05:11","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:05:11","slug":"day-tich-cuc-va-hoc-tich-cuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=222","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1ea1y \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghe v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ai \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean nghe. Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tin qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc xa kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u01a1i ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thi ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau. Kh\u00f4ng may ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean hay gi\u1eefa sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o. Khi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean tham gia trong l\u1edbp l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 “T\u1ea1i sao k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y?\u201d “K\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d Trong khi h\u1ecfi lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ai \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0: \u201cBob, em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec?\u201d r\u1ed3i khi Bob cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: \u201cBill, em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Bob?\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp tham gia v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp. L\u1edbp s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tham gia. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ra s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u01a1 tay v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, “Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Bob?” hay “Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Bill l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?\u201d r\u1ed3i \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Bob v\u00e0 Bill v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cD\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1y g\u00ec m\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang l\u00e0m to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i?” T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. Khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay xem tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu slide. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 sau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i chia l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c vai kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v. Sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 vai s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i ra c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kia: \u201cD\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng g\u00ec m\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Trong ki\u1ec3u d\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sinh vi\u00ean mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i tham gia b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u00edch th\u00fa n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian t\u00f4i b\u1ecf ra, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” h\u01a1n nghe gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Active Teaching and active learning<\/p>\n

There is a difference between teaching in the U.S and in Asia. Classrooms in the U.S are mostly lively with questions, discussions in contrast with classrooms in Asia that are often quiet as students focus on listening and taking notes. When I ask questions, few students would volunteer to answer. Even when someone answers, I ask the class for opinions to get a discussion going but few would provide feedback. I understand that in traditional classroom, teachers lecture and students listen. Students are not encouraged to ask questions because some teachers believe too many questions may distract the class away from the lecture and wasting class time.<\/p>\n

Traditional lecture is good for the theoretical learning where memorization is the key learning and tests are based on how much students can memorize. Unfortunately this method is not suitable to develop students’ critical thinking skills which are required for the scientific learning. Class discussion asks students to process information they have studied in new ways such as understanding it, evaluating it, applying it, and then comparing their understanding of it with that of others. Class discussions between the professor and the students or between the students themselves will improve students’ ability to learn and retain information better.<\/p>\n

For this type of learning to take place, classroom should be a place where students feel comfortable. They should not be afraid to ask question or worry about expressing their opinions. Professors should encourage students to ask questions and explain them thoroughly to make sure students understand the concept. Professors must make everybody feel like they are important regardless of what question they ask. When students feel comfortable, they are willing to focus their attention for further learning.<\/p>\n

One way to encourage students to participate in class is to ask questions. I often ask questions to keep students’ attention, such as “Why this technique do not work in this situation?\u201d What are other techniques that may work here?\u201d In asking this kind of question, I would wait until some students respond. If not then I would appoint someone to answer such as: \u201cBob, what do you think?\u201d then when Bob give the answer, I would ask another: \u201cBill, what do you think about Bob\u2019s answer?\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 By continue to ask questions, I would get the class to participate then eventually I will get a whole class discussion on going. The class would be more lively with more student participate. Sometime I would get students\u2019 involvement by asking them to raise their hands on a subject or issue. I ask, “How many of you agree with Bob\u2019s answer?” or “How many feel that Bill\u2019s answer is better?\u201d then \u201cHow many of you do not agree with both Bob and Bill\u2018s answer and have different answer?\u201d This always led to another commentary or discussion.<\/p>\n

When I teach in Asia, a Professor commented: \u201cIt seems that you do not teach much but let students discuss among themselves. Have you prepared a lecture? How do you teach when students are doing all the talking? I explained: \u201cMy students must do all readings before the class. When they come to class, they do not need to listen to a lecture or watch a slide presentation. I pose questions or problems and students answer by discussing them among themselves. I do not like to give answers, even after the discussing I often ask them if they can think of other alternative solutions. I also ask students to summarize the main point of the materials. Sometime I divide the class into several groups of students where they must discuss among themselves and answer questions that I ask. The idea is to represent different viewpoints of topics by having a several answers. Sometime, I would ask them to play different roles to clarify a real case. For example, in a discussion about software project, students could take the roles of a customer, a project manager, a designer, a programmer, a quality assurance, etc. Students in class who do not have a role act as the audience and ask questions. I act as moderator and prepare several questions that will provoke different points of view to get the discussion starts. I found that by having this type of discussion, students can learn more about critical thinking and problem solving than just passively listen to a lecture.<\/p>\n

I told the professor: \u201cIt seems that I do not lecture much, only facilitate the discussion but actually it requires more preparation than develop a lecture. In this type of active teaching, I create a new learning process where students are actively learning and that is the essence of the new teaching method. In the beginning, students are reluctant and hesitate to participate because they do not know much about this new method but after few weeks; they all told me that they enjoy it more. It forces them to come to class prepared and ready to participate in discussion and they learn more. Especially by the time I left, most told me that they like the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method than the classic listening to lectures, even they have to work harder and spend more time before the class.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1ea1y \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=222"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":224,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222\/revisions\/224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}