{"id":2216,"date":"2013-07-05T12:08:54","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2216"},"modified":"2013-07-05T12:08:54","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T05:08:54","slug":"hoc-bang-cach-viet-ra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2216","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cSao th\u1ea7y cho l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ebft ra thay v\u00ec \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a?\u201d M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cCh\u1eafc s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea7y cho \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.\u201d T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho ch\u1ea5m b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a hay ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ef3 \u00fd h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc k\u00ec, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. C\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i trong tu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho n\u00ean trong tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi hay \u00f4n l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i. Ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 hay ghi nh\u1edb. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ra, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t hai ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau trong sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft ra v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft ra v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat ngh\u1ec9, c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m ph\u00fat vi\u1ebft ra v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 cho ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Sau hai tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 92% t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft ra trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Trong h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc (vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t). H\u1ecd n\u00ean in ra b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i slide tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho sinh vi\u00ean truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. Trong l\u1edbp, khi l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd n\u00ean ghi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u slide cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 (l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai). Sau l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd n\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 ba). T\u00f4i tin b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba l\u1ea7n, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ra.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning by writing notes<\/p>\n

Last week, a student asked me: \u201cWhy do you make your tests essays instead of multiple choices.\u201d. Another student added: \u201cIt would be easier for you to grade multiple choices than essay then you have more time for yourself\u201d. I answered: \u201cI do not mind spending more time to grade your essays because\u00a0writing will improved your learning much better than multiple-choice items. I do not like to see you guess on multiple choices or memorize few things just to pass the test. I want you to think more and learn more.\u201d<\/p>\n

In university, professors can assign as many tests as they want. Most usually have two tests per semester, some may have test every month. I like to have test every week and often on Friday. Having test on the last day of the week will require students come to class as some often skip Friday class to have a longer weekend. By having weekly tests, I can monitor students\u2019 progress to make sure that they all learning according to the pace of the class. By having test on Friday, I know how well students have learned that week so in the following week, I can either start a new chapter or review previous materials.<\/p>\n

There are several types of test but many professors prefer multiple choices over essay. It is easier and faster to grade, because all they do is checking numbers of correct choice then score. However I prefer essay because I want students to think carefully before they write down something. With essay, either students know the materials or they do not. There is no guessing or memorizing. By writing, students have to learn, have to think, have to analyze, instead of memorizing.<\/p>\n

There was a study about the difference between types of test. It concluded that by writing down materials, students will learn better and was able to retain the information longer. The study examined two different types of learning among college students where they either thought or wrote about topics that they just learned. Several thousand students participated in this study. They all listened to a lecture then later were asked to take multiple choices test about the lecture content. The first group were asked to think about the topic for five minutes. The second group were asked to write about it for five minutes. After ten minutes break, both groups took the multiple-choices test. The result was significant different between two groups. Just five minutes of writing on a topic produced much higher scores on the multiple choices test than just spending the same amount of time thinking about it. After two weeks, students again were asked to re-take the same multiple choices test. The results were significant different, the group that wrote down was 92% better than the group just thought about the topic. This research demonstrates that a simple teaching technique such as writing down something can produce significant improvement in students\u2019 performance.<\/p>\n

Based on that, I always encourage students to take note during my class. In active learning, they should do some pre class reading to learn something about the course materials (The first learning). They should print out class lecture materials since I always have the slide presentations on line for students to access. In class, when listening to the lecture, they should take note directly on the printed materials. Of course, these notes would be based only on their understand of the lecture because most of the points are already on the slide materials so they do not have to write down everything (The second learning). After class, they should go to the library to review the materials. This time, they have the class note that they took as well as the entire lecture materials so their study could be completed (the third learning). I believe by learning something at least three times, students will understand better, perform better, and retain the materials better. My advice: \u201cIf you want to learn something, write it down\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cSao th\u1ea7y cho l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ebft ra thay v\u00ec \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a?\u201d M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2216"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2218,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2216\/revisions\/2218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}