{"id":2202,"date":"2013-07-05T11:42:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2202"},"modified":"2013-07-05T11:42:21","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:42:21","slug":"ki-nang-trao-doi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2202","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong k\u00ec nguy\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin khi m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, email, tin nh\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean 8000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t” d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u00edt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh t\u1edbi 80% th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed “kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1eafm” d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. H\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. “S\u1ef1 “b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf che vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qua th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ng “quan li\u00eau” trong c\u00f4ng ti n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. V\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cKh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u.”<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng, wiki, blog, tin nh\u1eafn, emails, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ee9ng) n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u. Lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o n\u1ea3y sinh trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Communication skills<\/p>\n

According to a new university research on management skills, communication is the number one problem in almost every companies and government offices. This is a big surprise, especially in the information era when cell phone, email, text messages, are available to almost everybody.<\/p>\n

By definition, communication is the process required to ensure timely and appropriately sharing of information between people. The research surveyed over 8000 managers to find out what the best managers are doing differently and what a typical mangers are doing in their daily works. The research found that \u201cbest managers\u201d spend more time communicating than less successful managers. In some cases they spent up to 80% of their time communicating to their workers, they know how to manage the flow of information and make decisions accordingly. The research also found that \u201cnot so successful\u201d managers are spending more time in meetings, reading paperwork or something to keep themselves look busy. They rarely make decisions and usually do not know what happen outside their work areas. Their \u201cBusy-ness\u201d is a cover up for their incompetent and their fear of failure. Overtime, these managers create a \u201cbureaucracy\u201d networks in the company where things take much longer, consume more efforts, and rarely achieve anything significant.<\/p>\n

Every companies have goals and direction. If workers do not know the direction they will get lost, confused and often argued with each others. Without clear direction communicated to them, workers will do whatever they think is company\u2019s direction. This often creates conflicts among workers due to different opinions. Many will decide to wait, or not doing anything until they are told exactly what to do. Since information is still not clear from management, the problem will not get solved and nothing will be achieved.<\/p>\n

The best managers know how to communicate direction clearly and accurately. They often make sure that every workers understand them and can move forward in the same direction to get the works done. Beside direction, best managers know how to set goals so they can measure how workers are doing in their jobs. Based on hundred interviews with successful managers, the research found that most of them follow a simple rule: \u201cDo not communicate because you have to but always find out what workers need and provide it as quickly as possible. Make sure workers understand it well so they can get their works done accordingly. Always give them enough time and support to enables them to complete it and achieve their goals. Communicate as much as possible in team meeting so everybody hear the same thing.<\/p>\n

In most software projects, communication is essential. Many failures can be attributed to the lack of communication between developers, testers, managers, users and customers. A good project manager always emphasizes on the free flow of information between team members, product owner, users and customers. They often use collaboration tools to share information such as whiteboards, wikis, blogs, text messages, emails, and phones. In Agile approach, there is a daily meetings (Sometime call standup meeting) where team members share information on a daily basis.<\/p>\n

Most software people do not like to communicate with users until they complete their works. Many are afraid that the more they discuss with users, the more users change their minds and ultimately change the requirements. However, good project manager must know how to communicate with users. It is really about managing the issues that come up during the life of the project where nothing is hidden. This kind of visibility gives users the needed information and together with the manager, they can resolve problems or remove obstacles. Any issues arise during planning, execution must get tracked and dealt with as soon as possible. In that case, the project will likely to be more successful.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2203,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2202\/revisions\/2203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}