{"id":2186,"date":"2013-07-05T11:31:24","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2186"},"modified":"2013-07-05T11:31:24","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:31:24","slug":"cai-tien-qui-trinh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2186","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Anh \u1ea5y vi\u1ebft:\u00a0“T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc blog SEGVN c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 CMMI v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u00a0V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00f3i: “Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.” Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i: “Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.” Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f3i: “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian.” Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u00f3: “Sao l\u1ea1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m? \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian.”\u00a0Xin th\u1ea7y cho t\u00f4i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t c\u00e1m \u01a1n th\u1ea7y.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p:\u00a0Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o,\u00a0b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI. N\u1ebfu \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u CMMI c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n “kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm” s\u1ebd v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n) nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CMMI\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed9n? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian theo l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m?\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n? Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sai l\u1ea7m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Tr\u1eeb phi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo qui tr\u00ecnh (\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n.\u00a0D\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd quen l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u1eabn theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qua th\u1eddi gian, khi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t d\u1ea7n l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111ang c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi “thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh” trong c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m.\u00a0Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u CMMI, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n g\u00ec, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bao l\u00e2u, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.
\nDo \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.\u00a0D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap. Kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Process Improvement<\/p>\n

Last week I received an email from a software engineer. He wrote:\u00a0“I have difficulty\u00a0to get my company to improve the way we develop software. I have read\u00a0your SEGVN blog on CMMI and believe that it could help my company.\u00a0The problem\u00a0is getting people to\u00a0start the improvement. The company owner\u00a0said: “It is expensive”. The\u00a0manager said: “We have to hire consultant\u00a0and it is expensive”. The project manager said: ”\u00a0It requires a lot of trainings and we do not have time”. Many developers consider it: “Why bother? it is\u00a0a waste of time”.\u00a0Please give me your advice on how to change these\u00a0attitudes.\u00a0Thank you very much.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer:\u00a0Unless your management want to do it, nothing will change.\u00a0To improve software process, you must have management commitment and\u00a0trainings,\u00a0else it will not happen. If the owner think process improvement is expensive, you can\u00a0collect data on the numbers of project that meet schedule, costs and quality and the numbers of project that do not. By knowing the actual number, the owner may change his mind. If he know that he can increase his profit significantly when his company matures and develop better, faster and\u00a0lower costs\u00a0then he\u00a0may\u00a0agree with you.<\/p>\n

Today\u00a0companies are afraid of process improvement because of the price of CMMI training and appraisal. If the benefit of improvement is much higher than the cost of improvement then thing will change.\u00a0If the owner decides to improve\u00a0then all managers will have to follow. They may not like it but they will not disagree with the owner. However, managers need to understand the CMMI as well as having a plan to manage improvement activities so it will be successful. This is where a good and knowledgeable consultant can help to make sure all managers are\u00a0fully committed\u00a0to improve their software process. This is the key factor to determine success or failure. A “not-so-good” consultant will hurry in to provide\u00a0training and conduct the appraisal (That is where they get paid a lot of money) but a good consultant will not do that, they know that they must\u00a0focus on the\u00a0management commitment\u00a0to do it right. Here is the situation:<\/p>\n

Assume the company starts the process improvement. Developers\u00a0complains\u00a0that they have to take the CMMI\u00a0training\u00a0that take away their time to work on software projects. What will happen when some projects are late? What will happen when customers are not happy because developers are not working\u00a0on\u00a0their projects but spend time in class? What will happen when\u00a0developers have to follow something that they are not familiar with? What will happen that developers have to collect metrics, something that they never do\u00a0before? What will happen if developers are told to do something which is different from what they used to?\u00a0What will happen when developers\u00a0continue to complain? Unless the owner and all managers are fully committed,\u00a0thing can change. The company may decide to quit the improvement and consider it a mistake. In that case, nothing will ever happen again. Unless the owner and all managers decide to stay on with their commitment\u00a0then improvement can happen.<\/p>\n

The most basic of improvement is to improve the way managers manage software project. Instead of agree with the customers on schedule based on poorly defined requirements. Project managers will insist on having requirement management process to manage all changes. They will make sure that the project plan is defined according to a process (Estimates, negotiate, agreement) before they would start the project. Every project will have certain set up with roles, responsibilities clearly defined. By having all projects following a project management practices, a change will begin to happen in the company.<\/p>\n

The developers will begin to ask for more trainings, especially in areas\u00a0that they need\u00a0to perform their work. Managers begin to\u00a0use\u00a0metrics to make decisions\u00a0instead of guessing.\u00a0Projects will get better estimates on schedules and less defects. Of course, some people would be happy\u00a0and some may not because they used to do their own\u00a0things. Following a standard process is not what they want.\u00a0Those who do not like\u00a0will\u00a0leave and will be replaced by new developers. New developers may not know what has happened so they will follow the defined process. Overtime, as projects’ performance are getting better, the owner will realize that his company profits is improving as many projects are meeting schedules, costs and quality. Many customers begin to believe in the improvement and request\u00a0more businesses then\u00a0you achieve a “major change” in the way your company develop software.<\/p>\n

It is important to recognize that for every changes, management is the key factor. Nothing will be accomplished if they do not believe and commit.\u00a0Commitment starts with understanding and support and if they do not understand the CMMI, what it takes, how long it need, what activities they must manage then they may not support it. Without their support, improvement will not happen.<\/p>\n

Therefore, I think that the real key to successful process improvement is\u00a0management commitment.\u00a0Whether you like it or not, developers\u00a0cannot make thing happen\u00a0without that commitment from management.\u00a0This is where a good and knowledgeable consultant would come in to help.\u00a0It is difficult to find a good consultant and\u00a0they may be expensive,\u00a0but they are really worth it.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Anh \u1ea5y vi\u1ebft:\u00a0“T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2186"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2187,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions\/2187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}