{"id":2182,"date":"2013-07-05T11:28:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2182"},"modified":"2013-07-05T11:28:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:28:31","slug":"thao-luan-lop-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2182","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp” n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng ch\u00fang tr\u00ean website nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n trong l\u1edbp cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3. \u201cB\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi internet, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ch\u00fang theo \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh laptop c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hay v\u00e0o iPhone, iPad v.v. v\u00e0 xem n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ee1 bu\u1ed5i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi h\u00ecnh b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n r\u1ed3i t\u1ea3i l\u00ean website c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qua th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho sinh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Xem b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xem video b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 xem b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam cho b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u0103m ph\u00fat v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng xem, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft ra hai trang t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee5. V\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd xem b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi: “\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ghi h\u00ecnh h\u00f4m nay?” hay “Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n?” T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Xem b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u00e0y nay, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u00e0i gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n bao qu\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0n l\u00e2m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi “c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tinh t\u1ebf” hay “ki\u1ec3u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n” c\u1ee7a ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean “\u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u” v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, v\u00e0 nghi v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Class discussion<\/p>\n

One of the common techniques used in the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d is a \u201cpre-class lecture\u201d concept where teachers recorded lectures and posted them on school website so students can watch before coming to class. In that case, both teachers and students can spend more time in class for discussions and answer questions that students have. \u201cPre-class lecture\u201d is not new but with the internet, students can access them in a variety of ways. They can download lectures onto their lap top computers, iPhone, iPad etc. and watch it at their own time. The recorded lectures can also be used for students who missed a class to view the lecture and not fall behind.<\/p>\n

By recording lectures as pre-class assignment, teachers can use class time to discuss the material and get any questions clarified. It allows teachers and students to make the most of the time they have together to interact with the course content in a way that a traditional classroom may not. Teachers who teach the same course multiple times do not need to repeat the materials many times. They can record the lectures and edited them the way they want then upload to a school website. Overtime, this concept will enhance the availability of online content for students in all course types for the university and provide teachers with more time to plan, organize, and create teaching materials rather than just lecturing.<\/p>\n

Watching a lecture before class is still an issue with students. Many do not want to watch a lecture video before class because they believe the teacher will go over those materials anyway. To make sure students do watch the lecture, I often start the class by asking students to share something about the lecture materials. Students who can explain things clearly will receive 10 points extra to their homework for that week. This will motivate some students but not all so I often randomly call few students to give a short five-minute summarize about the material in the recorded lecture. If they did not watch, they cannot present anything, in that case they will need to write a two pages summary of the lecture materials as an extra homework. Since most students do not like to write an extra paper, they will watch the lecture eventually.<\/p>\n

To start the class discussion, I often ask: “What is one thing you learned in the recorded lecture today?” or “What is one topic in the recorded material that you would like to explore in more detail?” I will let the class discuss among themselves to select a topic then ask them why they want to learn more about it.\u00a0A college education is much more than just accumulating knowledge. To reach deeper levels of understanding, a student must be able to understand the meaning out of a combination of academic materials and experiences. Watching recorded lectures and read pre-class reading materials are building the knowledge but class discussion, especially using cases study or scenarios that students must explain and sometime solve the problem, are the experiences. Today, classroom is limited to few hours a week and there are so many materials, so some schools only want to cover as much material in a semester as possible. That is why many students understand the academic theories very well but not the profound critical thinking that they must develop for their learning. One main reason many graduates are having difficulty during job interviews is they are not familiar with solving problem or answer a real case scenarios. They become uncomfortable, confuse and then lose their confident when facing something that they never done before. By spending more time in class for discussion, problem solving, and active participation, students will develop the problem solving skills, analyzing skills, presentation skills, and they will be more confident on their own ability to deal with job interview, especially when they are confront with \u201ctricky questions\u201d or \u201cscenarios solving type\u201d of interviews.<\/p>\n

Class discussion is one of the best ways to overcome this common problem. When intentionally and carefully implemented, this active activities motivate students to “dig deep” and to engage in the intensive process of analyzing, reconsidering, and questioning academic experiences and content knowledge.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp” n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2183,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2182\/revisions\/2183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}