{"id":2169,"date":"2013-07-05T11:16:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2169"},"modified":"2013-07-05T11:16:32","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:16:32","slug":"xu-huong-moi-trong-khoan-ngoai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2169","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n kinh doanh Ba Lan t\u1edbi th\u0103m Carnegie Mellon. Sau khi \u0111i th\u0103m quanh khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ba th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u0103m khoa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Khi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd xem c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, \u00f4ng Heniek Muraski h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0i khu c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1eabn \u00edt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cM\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n. V\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT m\u1ea1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Muraski n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 linh ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o Ba Lan v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00eam c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eefa?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cL\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf h\u1eefu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. L\u00ed do cho M\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u0129. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Anh, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Singapore, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec sao?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng 700,000 sinh vi\u00ean trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0y che gi\u1ea5u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7c cho s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u v\u1eady h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t? L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 80% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u1edf k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT m\u1ee9c cao nh\u01b0: qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, an ninh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh c\u1ea1nh tranh. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn k\u0129 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh ba n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eb7c cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh tranh, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhanh h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Muraski d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cTrong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean qua c\u00e1c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trong khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m hay \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 45% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111ang v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 10% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 cung. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kinh doanh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v.v.. V\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Muraski l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y? \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cKh\u00f4ng may, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eefa. Theo Kiran Karnik, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 \u00edt h\u01a1n 30% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 800,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, tham gia c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i trong \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v.v. C\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Muraski h\u1ecfi: \u201cGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00e9o sang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo phong c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 Singapore, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malaysia. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 M\u0129, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Anh, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao cho ng\u00e0y mai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new trend in outsourcing<\/p>\n

Last week, a Polish business delegation came to visit Carnegie Mellon. After touring campus and talked with several school administrations, three members visit my department. As I showed them classrooms and laboratories, we had several conversations about global software development. One member, Mr. Heniek Muraski asked: \u201cWe know that Information Technology (IT) is a key driver for economic growth and job creation. We have set up several technology parks to promote IT industry but so far our earnings and jobs creation was still less than our expectation. We have been told by the Provost that you have conducted several studies on global Software trends so we want to ask your opinion about what can we do to create successful IT industry for outsourcing\u201d.<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201c Every governments know that IT industry creates more jobs and helps the economy grows faster. Few countries have all the factors necessary to support the growth of IT industry. The IT industry\u2019s growth depends on several factors such as the quality of the IT infrastructure, the supply of local skill workers, the quality of education, the legal aspect on intellectual property, and the overall business environment. Most countries have improved some factors but not all. If you have all of these factors, you can build a strong IT industry\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mr. Muraski said: \u201cWe know that, we already done that. We have invested in IT infrastructure. We have laws on intellectual property and flexible investment policies. We are welcoming other countries to invest in Poland with favorable import and export policies. Our education systems have been improving steadily, we have a lot of IT workers ready to work. Our costs are very reasonable as we want to compete with India and China. What more could we do?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cSkilled workforce is the heart of the IT industry. Without skilled workers, technology industry cannot grow. According to my study, there is a strong relationship between the strength of a country\u2019s education system and that of its technology industry. The challenge is that skills requirements for IT industry change very quickly. As companies outsource works to lower costs countries, they select countries that have skills that they need. Therefore, your country need to have a flexible approach to skills development. The issue is not about having good education system but the ability to supply workers that meet global demand. Since IT skills that are in demand are changing fast, your education programs must change quickly too. This is difficult to countries that have traditional state owned education systems. The reason the U.S is a trendsetter in skills development because it has high number of world-class universities. These schools are mostly privates so they can create training programs quickly to meet industry demand. Because of their excellent education, they attract talented students who contribute significantly to the U.S industry. In Europe, the UK, Sweden, and Germany have several excellent flexible education systems. In Asia, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea also have updating their education systems to be more flexible in recent years.<\/p>\n

He asked: \u201cHow\u2019s about China and India?<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cChina and India produce more graduates than any other country. The Chinese government have increased funding for higher education and reorganized its educational system to focus on technology and the numbers of students have soared. Each year, their universities graduate about half million people in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. India also graduate about 700,000 students in computer and engineering. However, the large numbers hide a key issue. Despite the high number of graduates, both countries now report a shortage of skilled IT employees in a number of areas. Last year, India government reported that they cannot produce graduates fast enough to keep up with global demand. Why having over million graduates each year but still have the shortage? The simple reason is about 80% of graduates do not have the skills that the industry needs. The shortages are reported in high-level IT skills such as: project management, software architecture, change management, requirements engineering or business analysis, network security and service management. These are skills that industry need today to maintain a competitive business environment. The demand are about workers who understand how to automate business processes, manage increasingly complex network infrastructures, and create value to company. If you look closely at both China and India, you can still see that their current education systems are still follow a tradition that exists for many hundred years. They are full of theories, book knowledge with limited practices. Students spend three years just to learn to write code. They have to memorize a lot of equations to pass many exams. Their education systems are very slow to change despite a lot of government\u2019s investments. Few years ago, private companies in both China and India were so frustrated with the lack of progress and set up their own universities. It will take several more years to develop enough skilled workers to meet industry demand. This is the opportunity for other countries to compete, if they can improve their education system faster.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr. Muraski seemed surprised: \u201cFor many years we focused on lower-skills such as programming, testing to meet the outsourcing demand because we saw that India and China were so successful. We did not know about the other higher skills.\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cThat is what many people think too. Everybody is rushing to lower skills because they are the skills that being outsourced. That was correct ten years ago but thing has changed. According to my study, there is a large number of skilled people already reach retirement age in the U.S and Western Europe. Companies are finding that there are not enough people rising through the ranks to take the more skilled IT jobs. It used to be the case that a company would recruit young graduates, put them to work and have them learn on the job. After ten years or so, they have enough experiences to move up to higher skills such as project manager, business analyst or systems architect. Assume that there is a gradual movement of people to retire and new people take over their works than things should be fine. The issue is today, most companies have over 45% of skilled people retiring but less than 10% of younger people take over their jobs than suddenly demand exceeds supply. In the past ten years, the number of students studied computer science and information technology dropped significantly. Many students selected Investment, Banking, Stock market trading fields etc. With fewer people enter the technical areas but more technical people are retiring, the balance changes. Now outsourcing is no longer about lower cost but changes to higher skills. Today companies are willing to pay more for these skills, if they can find them.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr, Muraski shook his head: \u201cWe did not know about this change? Do India and China know that?<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cUnfortunately, they did not anticipate this change either. They are now changing their approach to training because this skills gap is affecting both India and China too. According to Kiran Karnik, India\u2019s software industry representative, only less than 30% of its graduates are employable in the IT industry. He believes that by 2012, India\u2019s IT industry may face a shortfall of 800,000 skilled workers. The key issue is India\u2019s rigid methods of lecture-based teaching combine with rote memorization do not encourage critical thinking and problem solving skills. Today Indian graduates can work well in programming, testing and some designing but to advance to higher skills requires significant change and it will take several more years. The situation in China is not better. China is also facing a shortage of highly skills workers, similar to India. The major problem in China is most graduates do not speak foreign languages well. They also lack soft-skills training. Their education system produces graduates who are unable to give presentations, engage with customers or articulate new ideas. Even many would take additional soft-skills trainings but so far they have not been successful. The simple reason is the traditional culture of being passive, rather than active. Students are taught to be quiet, not speaking their minds, focus on doing but not managing etc. It would take many more years to change this archaic education system.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr Muraski asked: \u201cWhat is the best solution? How can we change fast?<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cAlthough many Asian countries are working to improve their education systems, it would take many more years. Today students from China, Japan, South Korea and India flock to US universities to study and, after a period working in the US, many may return home with the skills they had learned. Those students will play a very critical role in develop their IT industry in their future.<\/p>\n

They will be able to bring back these missing skills in how to manage projects, companies, and industry in a Western styles. Of course, it will take time but that is one solution. There are several solutions so you cannot just select one but must select many and see which one would work best. The difficulty for many countries is that traditional education systems cannot respond quickly to the changing demands of industries. The most successful economies in adapting to changing needs are those where governments have a direct influence over the education systems, such as Singapore, South Korea and Malaysia. They have highly skilled people at positions that can set visions, directions and goals for universities and manage them until they are rapidly met. Another way is to import a good training education programs from top global schools to expedite the rapid improvement of the education system and it can make the difference. According to my study on technology trends, only the US, along with the UK, Sweden, S. Korea and Singapore have the education systems that are capable of training tomorrow\u2019s highly \u00a0skilled IT specialists.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n kinh doanh Ba Lan t\u1edbi th\u0103m Carnegie Mellon. Sau khi \u0111i th\u0103m quanh khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2169"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2173,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169\/revisions\/2173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}