{"id":2166,"date":"2013-07-05T10:58:19","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2166"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:58:19","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:58:19","slug":"huong-dan-du-an-capstone-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2166","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone – ph\u1ea7n 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Carnegie Mellon (m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c”. Qua v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong ba n\u0103m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng “th\u1ef1c”. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00ed do k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c l\u00ed do c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi “qui tr\u00ecnh” h\u01a1n l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5” v\u00e0 “qui tr\u00ecnh” nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3 nhanh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\u00a0T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o pha d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 t\u00ecm ra. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p cho gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho t\u1ed5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone project.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft: B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Xin nh\u1edb cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Java, PHP, hay C++ \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Xin nh\u1edb cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u00edt h\u01a1n 20% c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng) trong c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SRS) cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u00f4ng lung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 (T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u). Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 vi\u1ebft ra ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eafn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v.v. (B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd). Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd). B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Xin \u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).
\nM\u1ed9t khi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft l\u00ed do v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft ra ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 trao cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, cho n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 “th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n” th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y – \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m: K\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, hay nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. K\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u0129 thu\u1eadt), t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 use case tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, qui tr\u00ecnh, bi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi d\u1eabn t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho t\u1eebng use case v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch use case \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ee9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c use case nh\u01b0 # 1 cho use case b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; # 2 cho use case l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; v\u00e0 # 3 cho use case s\u1ebd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c) nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec use case, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1ng. (Xin \u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n use-case, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. (C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.)<\/p>\n

T\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi (theo man-hours), \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pha ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5. (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1edbi 100 man-hours v\u00e0 n\u1eeda kia \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 200 man-hours th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 150 gi\u1edd).<\/p>\n

T\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi (theo man-hours), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c pha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m use case cho c\u1ea3 # 1 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean cao) v\u00e0 \u00a0# 2 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho # 3 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 hai ki\u1ec3u use case. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n

T\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecdp, vi\u1ebft, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng QA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c hay c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00ean t\u00ednh t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.)<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (\u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng). B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (theo Man-hours), b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng use case n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u00ed do c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 (Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe \u2013 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd (H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y th\u00eam v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 logic nh\u01b0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, \u00edch l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi # 1 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean cao) v\u00e0 # 2 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1eeba) v\u00ec l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p.)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 pha \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Capstone th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (4 tu\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng use case, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A Guide to the Capstone projects part 1<\/p>\n

Many students wrote to me asking for help on their Capstone projects. Since this is their first \u201creal\u201d project, many are worry and not sure about what to do. Based on their requests, I wrote a brief guideline for Capstone project based on what I taught at Carnegie Mellon (Each school may differ) that some of you may find it useful:<\/p>\n

The Capstone project is designed to help students experience \u201creal-world\u201d software development. Over the next several months, your team will design and build a software product using the knowledge that you have learned in the past three years in school. This is your chance to apply your knowledge and transfer it into \u201creal\u201d skills. By following this guideline, you will learn valuable experience in teamwork, problem solving, software process, and project management. These are skills that software industry needs and expects graduates to know.<\/p>\n

Today software development is still having problems. Many projects do not meet their schedule. Even when delivered, many software products are never use because of low quality. The interesting thing is these projects do not fail for technical reasons but they fail due to bad project management and ineffective teamwork. In other words, they fail for reasons related to \u201cProcess\u201d rather than \u201cTechnology\u201d. That is why during Capstone projects, the most important things students must learn are \u201cteamworks\u201d and \u201cprocess\u201d such as software project planning, management, and execution.<\/p>\n

Developing software is a complex activity. Although programming languages and tools allow developers to write more code faster, but coding represents only a small part of the software development activity. To learn about effective software development, your team must follow a software life cycle approach and produce a series of documents.\u00a0Your team is required to submit written project phase reports throughout the capstone project. These reports are used to document the team’s progress and to identify any serious problems that the team finds. These reports are valuable tool for project management and team self-assessment. They also provide your professors with the information they need to assess the team’s performance and to provide guidance to the team during the Capstone project.<\/p>\n

Before you start, there are few things you need to know: You must NEVER jump into coding as you think you could. This is a common problem among students. Many think they already know the solution so they start coding right away. That is why many Capstone projects failed. Please remember that Capstone project is NOT an assignment in programming class. You are not learning about Java, PHP, or C++ here. You already learned them in previous years and there is no need to repeat here. Capstone project is about implementing a software development life cycle. It will help you to understand all the steps necessary to build quality a software product. Please remember that coding is less than 20% of all the works needed in a typical software project. No project ever fail because of coding but because of people do NOT follow a process. So you must learn about the software process and do not skip any step. Once you learn all these steps, you also develop your own development skills and therefore should not have any problem working in the software industry.<\/p>\n

Most Capstone projects are given to you by an outside companies (The client) in collaboration with your university. Traditionally, the client gives your university a software requirements specification (SRS) for the Capstone project. Most of the time, the requirements are vague and not well defined (Of course, it is intentional for you to learn about requirements analysis). As a team, you must review the requirements careful to identify each system components and functions. Your team must understand what the client (The outside software company) want the team to do. Of course, you must know something about the client. The first step is to the team to write a short statement describing the work of your client and the ways they operate such as who they are, what they do etc. (You learn about their business). After that, \u00a0you must interview the client to understand their products and services. You want to know how do they work, how do they handle information, how do they develop software (You learn about their business process). You must review the technology that they use to understand their needs and the reasons why they want your team to work on this project. By asking them, discuss with them your team will know more about the client \u2018s process and their requirements (Please review the Requirements Engineering class materials).
\nOnce your team knows the reasons and the client\u2019s requirements. You can start to write a vision statement describing the capstone project with specific system components that your team must develop to meet the client\u2019s needs. You may not be able to meet all requirements that the client gave to your university, so limit your vision to components that are feasible and useful. (This is a common \u201ctrick\u201d in Capstone projects, as the client always ask for more so you must apply your analysis and negotiation skills here – This is where you also learn soft skills: Negotiation skills). You must explain to your client that your team want to identify the problem, or the need that your Capstone project will solve for the client. You must identify the customers and users of the proposed system and how the product that your team build may help them. (This is a critical part of every software project. Your team must be able to convince the client to define the scope of the project and limit the requirements to something that your team could implement within a reasonable time. Your negotiation skills are very important here).<\/p>\n

Since the client may not be familiar with what you propose. (They always say that they do not understand technical terms) Your team must create a set of use case diagrams (show actors, processes, system boundaries) for the system. Be sure to include essential administrative functions in your diagram. Write a brief narrative for each use case explaining the use case. Indicate the use case’s priority level such as # 1 for use case that is essential for system operation; # 2 for use case is not essential for system operation but would add significant value to system’s users; and # 3 for use case that would add some small value to the system’s users. Briefly describe all actors (users, systems, or organizations) who interact with your system, as indicated in your diagram. Do not assume that the meaning of any use case, actor, or function is obvious to your client; your descriptions must be very clear and unambiguous. (Please review the requirements engineering class materials on instruction how to do it).<\/p>\n

By using use-case scenarios, your team will understand more about functional requirements of the Capstone project. It also make all proposed components more visible to your client as you negotiate and discuss with them about the scope of the project. (What to keep and what not to keep during negotiation). The team must review the scope and complexity of your proposed system and estimate the work involved. (This is where teamwork is very critical as you discuss with each team member about the time and effort it takes to complete these tasks. Remember that this is only a rough estimates, everybody have their own opinion, the team must learn to collaborate to come up with a reasonable estimates).<\/p>\n

Each team member must estimate the effort required (in man-hours), to complete the requirements analysis and design phases of the project. They must explain how their estimate is derived to other team members so together they can come up with an team\u2019s overall estimates. (It is possible to do an average estimates here, if half of the team come up with 100 man-hours and the other half estimates at 200 man-hours then you may agree to adjust the overall estimate as 150 hours).<\/p>\n

Each team member must estimate the effort required (in man-hours), to do the construct and test phases of the project. They may want to estimate the effort to implement use case points for both the # 1 (High priority) and # 2 (Medium priority) but may not do the # 3 since this should be negotiate with the client on whether they want the team to do that. Use this information to estimate the total effort required to complete both types of use cases. Team member must explain how they estimate. (Remember that you must take into consideration estimates from each team member then discuss to have the team agree on a overall estimates. You will learn a lot about teamwork in this activity).<\/p>\n

Each team member must estimate the \u201cSupporting effort activity\u201d required for project management, meetings, writing, reviewing, reports, documentation, code and design reviews, integration and system level testing, learning and other developing skills such as learning new technologies, QA activities and other process or process management issues that are relevant to your project or your team. (This is why many software project failed because many project managers forget to take into consideration these supporting efforts as they only estimate the technical aspect but not the supporting aspect. That is why many projects did not meet schedule).<\/p>\n

The team must present the requirements analysis and project estimates (This is still a rough estimates as the scope is still being negotiated with the client). You must document these activities and be able to explain to the client and your professor in a presentation using terms that they can understand. You must articulate and justify any assumptions you have made in your estimates. Based on your effort estimates (in Man-hours), you must explain exactly which use cases your team will implement for this project as well as an estimate of total work effort in school calendar time. Of course you must explain your reasons why your team make that decision (This activity will help you to learn presentation skills, negotiation skills, collaboration skills, and listening skills \u2013 these soft-skills are essential in software industry). Of course the client may disagree (They always do that in every Capstone projects because they want to see more of your soft-skills. You need to convince them by having a clear and logical reasons such as priority, benefits and schedule. In the end, most of the time the client agree to let your team implement all # 1 (High priority) and # 2 (Medium priority) as your school schedule permit.)<\/p>\n

This first phase of Capstone usually takes at least one month (4 weeks) to complete. It requires knowledge of requirements analysis, use case diagram, estimates, software development life cycle, project planning, and soft skills.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2166"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2168,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2166\/revisions\/2168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}