{"id":2164,"date":"2013-07-05T10:57:25","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:57:25","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:57:25","slug":"huong-dan-du-an-capstone-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2164","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone – ph\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone:<\/span><\/p>\n

Capstone l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trao cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd \u1edf n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean l\u00e0m sao sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 sau trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Trong khi kh\u00f4ng ai trong t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 “\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7”, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PM) gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian. PM ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. PM l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. PM c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. PM ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone cho n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t cho vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00f4i khi vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay v\u00f2ng cho t\u1eebng pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3).<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh PM, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (SCM), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA), ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 cho nhau qua t\u1eebng pha. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 SQA trong pha thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m SQA trong pha ti\u1ebfp (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng). Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u1eabn nhau th\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vai tr\u00f2 cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1ed5 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mau l\u1eb9 agile nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Scrum cho n\u00ean ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u1edd tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, hay c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd). PM ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra “l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i “\u0111i l\u00e0m” \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. PM v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, PM ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ra kh\u1ecfi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone).<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch g\u1ea1t sang b\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng “th\u1ef1c”. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro hay kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?” C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ed5 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n? T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 \u0111o th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 \u0111i theo \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 gi\u1eef t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nhau, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecdp kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 xin h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A Guide to Capstone Project part 2<\/p>\n

This is part 2 of the guide to Capstone project:<\/p>\n

Capstone is a \u201cReal\u201d project given by companies in the industry to college students when they are in the last year of school. The main purpose is to help students learn all the skills they need to do well when they work in the software industry. Among these skills, teamwork is the most important one. All projects in industry are team works so how student learn to work together is very important to their success later in life.<\/p>\n

One of the first activities in Capstone project is a skills review of each member to identify how each can best contribute to the project. Together the team must define roles, responsibilities for each team member. While nobody on the team is “The Boss,” a project manager role is needed to coordinate, plan, and track the team’s activities. The Project Manager (PM) keep the team focused and makes sure that the work gets done on time. The PM must review each member’s work, make sure that they meet the requirements and quality. The PM works closely with all team members to monitor the team’s activities and ensures that the team’s meetings are effective and efficient. The PM also defines, collects, and analyzes project metrics to make sure the project\u2019s quality and performance meet the client\u2019s expectation. The PM makes sure that all software developed by the team is thoroughly tested and documented. This is the most important role in Capstone project so the team must select the most skillful person for this role (Note: Sometime this role can be rotated for each development phase so everyone will have a chance to do it).<\/p>\n

Beside the PM, there are other roles that team members must also identified such as Software Configuration manager (SCM), Software Quality Assurance (SQA), Testing manager etc.. Since there are several development phases, team members can take turn to switch roles with each other for each phase. For example, one member assumes the role of SQA during design phase then switch to others to do SQA in the next phase (Note: This is a good exercise in teamwork, students must work together and share responsibilities. How they work together, how they distribute works among the team will determine whether the Capstone project will be successful or not). Sometime, students do not agree with each other then professor must step in and assigns roles for each members. In that case, it is clearly an indication that members have not learned about teamwork and it could be a major risk. Professor must remind students about their commitment to teamwork. Occasionally, there are skills that the team need but does not have. In that case professor may assign team members to learn these skills. (For example, the team decide to use agile approach but they do not have the skills of Scrum master so someone have to learn this skill to perform this role).<\/p>\n

The team must decide on the number of hours that they must work together as a team. Because member may have certain limitations (Some may not be able to work on certain days, certain time, because of classes, support family, or other issues relevant to their availability). The PM must work with the team to create a \u201cTeam Schedule\u201d to set time that the team works together. Team members must \u201cgo to work\u201d on time. Sometime absence from team work is an issue. The PM and the team must remind the absent member about the commitment to project. If it continues, PM must reported to the professor. In that case, the absent student must be put on probation. If violate the probation, that student must be asked to leave the project (This mean a failure of this class. No student can graduate without complete the Capstone project).<\/p>\n

Throughout school years, students work in team so they should understand teamwork. However, Capstone project is the first time many are working on \u201creal\u201d project so it is important for them to learn how to develop an effective team. Belonging to a team is a result of feeling part of something larger than yourself. Students must learn to put aside their own ego, their own interests, and work toward a common goals. In Capstone project, every members must contribute to the success of the project. They must produce the results. At the beginning of Capstone, professor sets certain expectations and goals for the team but each member needs to understand why they must work as a team and not as individual. They must understand that this is their final training that combines all knowledges that they have learned in their past three years and apply in a \u201cReal\u201d project. This is an opportunity for them to learn to transfer their academic knowledge into \u201creal\u201d skills. Therefore, they must understand the important of this activity and commit to accomplish it.<\/p>\n

After team members have agreed on their roles and responsibilities, the team must assess the feasibility of its capability to develop the software product. Can the team complete the project during this school calendar schedule? Is the project likely to be a success? What are the risks or difficulty of the project? Team members must ask themselves: \u201cDo we have\u00a0the right people in this project? Do team members have the knowledge and skills to complete this project? If not, where does the team go to get the help it needs? Does the team feel it has the support needed to accomplish its goals? Does the team have a clear vision of the product and plans to accomplish the project? Has the team defined its project goals, its outcomes, its timelines? How does it measures both the outcomes of its work and the process the team followed to accomplish their tasks? Do team members understand their roles and responsibilities well? Is the team\u2019s relationship and accountability understood by all members? Is there a defined process so team members can consistently follow? Do team members hold each other accountable for project timelines, commitments and results? Do team members cooperate to accomplish the tasks? Has the team established rules of conduct in areas such as conflict resolution, decision making and meeting management? Are team members clear about the priority of their tasks? Do team members communicate clearly and honestly with each other? Do team members feel responsible and accountable for team achievements?<\/p>\n

If the team is honest with each other and have positive answers for these questions than they can start the capstone project. If they still have some issues or questions then they must discuss with the professor for proper guidance. Any problems not resolve before the project begins may become a risk and impact the success of the project.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone: Capstone l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trao cho … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2165,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions\/2165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}