{"id":2160,"date":"2013-07-05T10:54:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2160"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:54:51","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:54:51","slug":"huong-dan-du-an-capstone-phan-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2160","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone – ph\u1ea7n 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 4 c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone:<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong pha thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. D\u00f9ng danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e3y c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 (GUI) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c use case ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (L\u01b0u \u00fd: V\u00ec t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ri\u00eang trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PM) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi l\u00fac h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ngay c\u1ea3 hai pha n\u00e0y (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. PM ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y hay ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0\u00a0 SQA, SCM hay l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean PM ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n t\u1ed5. C\u00e1c pha n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. PM c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n g\u1ed1c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (COQ) nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong pha n\u00e0y. COQ bi\u1ebfu th\u1ecb cho chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra do thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed do thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau: khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed do thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.) COQ ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay th\u1ea3o duy\u1ec7t m\u00e3, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i, tu\u00e2n theo chu\u1ea9n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u0103n nguy\u00ean v.v. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 xa v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng trong l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.) B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng pha n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac h\u1ecd n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra hay kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. PM ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v.v. \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh pha n\u00e0y. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang.)<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c \u0111i. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. PM c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, use case, hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, b\u1ecf \u0111i, hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb g\u1ed1c. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao hay gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ri\u00eang t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (th\u1ea5p, v\u1eeba, cao) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.)<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1i ra v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 (ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdp c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh), t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n giao cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Khi t\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “B\u1ea1n (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone n\u00e0y?” v\u00e0 “B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd khuy\u00ean cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?”<\/p>\n

Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong t\u1eebng pha. B\u00e0i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1edb n\u00e0o cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. S\u1ebd kh\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed5 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, thi\u1ebfu qui tr\u00ecnh, hay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1edbn lao. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u sai b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hay c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n nghe. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 Capstone kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hay v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc g\u00ec. Xin nh\u1edb cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “th\u1ef1c” trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0.)<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 s\u1ebd cho \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao). B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u00e9m g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c “\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t” b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng ti cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ean 90% c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean qua d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c hay ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A guide to Capstone part 4<\/p>\n

This is part 4 of the guide to Capstone project:<\/p>\n

During the design and construction phases, the team must put all efforts to complete project within the schedule dateline. Using the list of sequence of tasks execution, team members can orderly design and implement their assigned tasks accordingly. It is recommended that they implement the main Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements and primary use cases first because they are useful for the prototype demonstration to the client (Note: Since each project is different, detail of the prototype may also vary. Professor usually gives specific instruction on these)<\/p>\n

For each task to be implemented, Project Manager (PM) must assign team member responsible for the completion within a scheduled time. The team must conduct design reviews, code reviews, and test plans review every time they complete a major function to make sure that everything happens orderly and with high quality. Even these two phases (Design and Code) are well understood by team members, it is important that the team coordinate their tasks in meaningful ways. PM should never allow any member to avoid this work or to complete the Capstone project without the opportunity to develop this technical skills. (Note: Some members do not like design or code so they often volunteer to work on support activities such as\u00a0 SQA, SCM or documentation).<\/p>\n

Design, code and test activities are required for all members so PM must monitor weekly time spend for each member and track their time spent on each activity. The purpose is to identify any unusual or unexpected time needed to identify each person’s contributions to the overall team’s work. These phases are usually areas when many things happen unexpectedly so it is critical to monitor the activities carefully. PM must also check for any changes to the original plan regarding the project’s feasibility, difficulty and risks for any deviation from the project plan (actual vs. estimated).<\/p>\n

The team should have weekly meetings to review its progress and estimate the Cost of Quality (COQ) as a percentage of effort in this phase. The COQ represents the costs which are happened due to a lack of quality and those which are happened in the achievement of quality. (Note: The costs of achieving quality and the costs due to lack of quality have an inverse relationship to one another: as the investment in achieving quality increases, the costs due to lack of quality decrease.) COQ indicates all effort devoted to defect prevention, defect identification, and defect correction. (Note: Defect Prevention includes efforts to prevent defects from entering the project. Defect prevention includes all efforts for design inspections or code walkthroughs, pair programming, follow programming standards, team training, collection and analysis of metrics. Defect identification includes all efforts to discover the quality of project works. It includes all activities such as testing, user testing, audit, root cause analysis, etc. Defect Correction includes all efforts to deal with fixing problems in the project. Defect correction may include efforts for rework and retesting of design, code or documentation).<\/p>\n

Quality is very important to software development so the team must follow a process for the design, code and test activities. Any issues in the way the team follows the process or anything that detracts the team from the process must be identified so the team can learn from the mistakes. (Note: This is the time when students learn about teamwork and the benefit of following a process. During assignments in programming class, students rarely have opportunity to review the entire software development process and identify where problems happen). By implement these phases, students apply their knowledge and turn it into skills.<\/p>\n

Every software projects have risks. If the team have identified risks and have plan to mitigate them at the beginning of the project then this is time where they should review and update their risks plan to see if any early warnings have occurred. The team can discuss on how risks happen or not happen as well as how to deal with them. The PM should have weekly meeting with the team to identify any significant problems such as quality, technical, team members, risk and development environmental issues, etc. that the team has encountered in completing this phase. (Note: These meetings are the learning time for members to learn about issues that happen often in software projects. As they learn about them, they also learn how to solve them.)<\/p>\n

In weekly meetings, team members must identify what function has been fully or partially implemented, and what remains incomplete. They must also explain any deviations from their original plan and why they made decisions to differ. They must discuss any incomplete works and why they are incomplete. The PM need to document any changes that the team have made to their plans, their requirements, their design, or implementation plans such as functions, use cases, or nonfunctional requirements that the team have either added, dropped, or changed from your original proposal plan. The team must evaluate how the overall quality of the final product is enhanced or diminished as a result of these changes.<\/p>\n

After coding is done, all test cases must be executed to make sure that the software meets requirements. The date of the test and the person running the test must be recorded. Test manager must also report any test cases that fail. Individual members may be held responsible for inaccurate reporting of test results. For each known defect remaining in the product, test manager must provide a brief description, rate its severity (Low, Medium or High) and describe its solution and an estimate of effort required to fix it. Test manager must analyze these defects to find out whether they are the result of a incomplete requirements analysis, design, code, project planning, project management, or whatever causes. The report must be honest, completed, accurate and based on the best methods the team can execute. (Note: Unreported defects found during the faculty review reflect poorly on the team and will be taken as evidence of incomplete or inadequate team management).<\/p>\n

Test manager must create a final report based on formal acceptance tests with the client’s staff. The report must describe the usability tests, the test scenarios or test scripts, the subjects, the conditions, the outcomes and results. The team must review results from acceptance tests and compare with those tests conducted earlier by the team (Unit tests, integration tests, system tests, regression tests) to find out if any defects escape their tests.<\/p>\n

On the last day of the Capstone project, the team will meet with the professor to review things that they learned during the project. Items the team should be prepared to discuss include: final assessment of overall quality (teamwork and process), summary of all metrics and their usefulness, and overall achievement. Team members must be prepared to discuss the effectiveness and quality of your team’s process, communications, management, and ultimate deliverables. They must have evidences to support their roles, responsibilities during the project. As the team prepares for this review, consider two questions: “What have you (as a team and as individuals) really learned in this Capstone project?” and “What lessons would you recommend to future project teams?”<\/p>\n

Throughout the Capstone project, the team must document their activities in a report. The report should have a summary for the professor and the client. It tells them in an accurate description of all activities in the project as well as its progress during each phase. The summary should present the team’s accomplishments, its conclusions, recommendations, and problems encountered. The reports must be of the highest quality: complete, on-time, well written, well presented and clear. There is no excuse for anything less.<\/p>\n

The team’s reports reflect on the team’s efforts and progress during the project. Good reports are a result of great teamwork, process, attention to detail, and good performance on the required works. It will be difficult to disguise a ineffective team behavior, lack of progress, or poor quality work with a great report. Any misleading and not accurate reports will be penalized. Do not attempt to mislead the professor and the client with a reports that fail to address team problems, lack of progress or other important issues that may detract from the successful completion of your project. (Note: Do not mislead the professor and tell him what you think he wish to hear. Many Capstone teams failed to deliver a quality product but created a wonderful report with the hope that they will receive a good grade. That is cheating as they have not learn anything. Please remember that Capstone project is designed for students to learn about \u201creal\u201d project in the industry. If the team has problems, you must document them so during final review, professor and the team can discuss and find solutions. That is learning so there is no reason to hide things from professor).<\/p>\n

Your reports must be complete and turn in for grading. Professors will grade what are given and what is written in there. It is the team’s responsibility to make sure that materials in the report are well organized, clear and have been thoroughly reviewed for quality. (Note: Many students do not know that writing is a critical skill and highly value by hiring managers). The reports must be of the highest quality possible. A well prepared, well written, well documented report reflects well on your team and makes good impression on the professors and clients. Incomplete, or poorly prepared work makes a very poor impression. As a team, you must take pride in your work and turn in reports that accurately reflect the hard work and effort you are putting into your projects. Never turn in \u201cgood enough\u201d work because if your professor do not like it, so does your future employer. (Note: Traditionally, the company that gives the capstone projects to university is also the company that often hire students. According to several university studies, over 90% of capstone project members are hired by those companies since they already know the skills of students via the project. There is no need for any job application or interviews as they are not necessary. The company\u2019s managers assign to Capstone usually are the one who will make decision to hire students. Of course, throughout the project, they monitor students\u2019 performance based on the time they spend and their quality of works already.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 4 c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone: Trong pha thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2161,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions\/2161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}