{"id":2152,"date":"2013-07-05T10:49:47","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:49:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2152"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:49:47","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:49:47","slug":"nghe-nghiep-trong-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2152","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o em r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t” v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng ai k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n: m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u201d m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed “m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1” v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f3 tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 anh ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed anh ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed”, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi. L\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed” anh ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u00a0 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 “cho\u00e1ng” cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh. H\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd hay \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i tin \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n” hay “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t”. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 an ninh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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A career in testing<\/p>\n

A student told me: \u201cI like to work with code and be a software tester. Many people told me that is a \u201cworst job\u201d since the wage is low and the work is hard. No one respect testers because it is the lowest skill in software development. Is it true? Please advise\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Answer: As I have mentioned in previous articles, there are two types of software testers: Entry-level and Professional. Many people start their careers as entry-level testers then move on to work as developers, designers, project managers. However, some people stay in testing and become professional testers. These people explore new techniques, new methodologies and continue to improve their skills with changing technology. The difficult for many software developers is how to distinguish these two types since they both have the same job description as \u201cTester\u201d although their skills are so far apart. Some developers consider testers as \u201centry-level\u201d position because that is what they start in their first job. That is a mistake since there are professional testers who have a lot of experiences and they definitely in a much higher positions, higher wages then developer, technical leader and project manager.<\/p>\n

Every project needs testers, every company wants testers and professional tester is always in high demand. That is why it is difficult to recruit professional testers because most companies keep them and treat them well because they know that their product quality is depending on these professional tester\u2019s skills. Few years ago, a former student told me that he had to explain to a new manager what he actually did all day since he did not code or design. Even he had often provide guidelines on how to create a quality strategy to senior executive to improve the quality of company\u2019s products. I told my former student to let the new manager know that \u201cAs a \u201ctester\u201d, all he did is to look at developers\u2019 code but get paid a lot of money, even more then the new manager\u2019s wage. As \u201ctester\u201d he was often called to advise the president of the company on how to improve software quality\u201d. I am sure that may be a \u201cshock\u201d to that inexperienced new manager.<\/p>\n

I think it is time to clear the misunderstanding about the job of testers since many people do not know what testers do, especially among new managers and inexperienced developers. The fact is most professional testers work independently and quietly. They prefer to work with code, not with people so few people know about them or what they do. I believe it is time for Testers, Developers, Managers and senior manager to be brought together and understand their specific roles and responsibilities. There are a lot of works in software development, everybody contribute to the product from their own roles and skills. There is no such thing as \u201cbetter jobs\u201d or \u201cworst jobs\u201d. If you like what you are doing, if you are happy as tester then pursue the professional tester career. Your job is probably more secured than other jobs. Testers have helped improve software quality a lot already but they need to improve their image as well.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o em r\u1eb1ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2153,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions\/2153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}