{"id":2150,"date":"2013-07-05T10:48:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2150"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:48:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:48:30","slug":"giao-duc-trong-the-ki-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2150","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Theo kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 v\u00e0 60, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ng\u00e0y nay 70% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khi ch\u1ec9 30% kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u coi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfm 40% h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 72% v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi h\u1ecd thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed1n n\u0103m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c: C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n, duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ngay c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e3ng 30% c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u1ef1c ra, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111em k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh qu\u00e3ng 50% nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi nhanh h\u01a1n sau khi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb h\u01a1n, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, \u00edt tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u1ea1nh tranh doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eefa m\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh m\u1edf v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 12 hay 16 n\u0103m trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu r\u1ed3i. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho “gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ee5 huynh, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng). Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c hay n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1edbm b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u00e1y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n t\u1ed1n \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (L\u01b0u \u00fd: M\u00e1y v\u00e0 robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 365 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.)\u00a0 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o thay v\u00ec c\u01a1 b\u1eafp. V\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o pha m\u1edbi m\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay, qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. 87% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 “c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m” m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 huynh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ee5 huynh ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con em h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, qui tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Education in the 21st century<\/p>\n

A new United Nation\u2019s global study of education has found that a college degree is the most important asset to survive in this globalized world. According to the study, technology is changing the economy foundation of many countries in favor of more skilled workers. Greater skills requirements mean that more education is often needed in established jobs. In the decade of 50s and 60s, most workers did not need a college education to get jobs. Today 70% of jobs require a college degree while only 30% do not and most of them are either manual labor works or lower paying jobs. Global companies view workers with a college education as the most capable of adapting to the changing economy and job market. The study also found that in 1970s. workers with a college degree earned 40% more than workers with only a high school education. Today that has risen to 72% as most unskilled labor works can be outsourced to lower cost countries and left many workers in the unemployed list.<\/p>\n

With globalization, companies are expanding their businesses to many countries, as they are hiring workers, they prefer workers with a college degree. The simple reason is beside the broad knowledge of a college education, most of them are more matured, more responsible, and fully developed their capacities than workers with only a high school diploma. Some people have argued that many jobs do not need a college degree since they do not utilizing any college skills, workers can build a career in vocational schools as it is cheaper and does not require four years of education. The job market tells a different story: Workers with a college degree earn higher wages, stay on the jobs longer, and perform better than the non-college degree workers. Even the manufacturing areas that require mostly labor workers have also undergone a similar transformation and require more college education. Some people argued that about 30% of these factory workers are over-educated. In fact, the study found that these college educated workers bring their education-enhanced skills to their jobs and are more likely to get promoted to supervisors and managers. Consequently, they earn on average about 50% more than factory workers with an high school education. Additionally, the study found those with college degrees are more likely to hold a steady jobs, keep their jobs longer, less likely to be unemployed, and more likely to get a new job faster after being unemployed. Outside the economics factor, workers with college degrees are healthier, live longer, and are more likely to have good family, be able to raise their children to be college educated, and contributed more to society. They are less likely to involve in crimes, less participate in anti social activities, and often avoid legal problems.<\/p>\n

The study found a strong correlation between the strength of the economy to the availability of an educated workforce. With globalization, business competition does not happen within a country\u2019s boundary anymore but expand globally. This impact the basic economy of many countries, especially the one with a closed system and rely mostly on their own resources. In a world where technology is the key to solve many problems, the most successful countries are those whose focus are on openness with better education in technology. Today, key assets are no longer capital but knowledge and education is the main catalyst for economic growth. The goal of education should be on providing its citizens with the best education possible. The old concept that education only last 12 or 16 years in a formal, lecture-type education is already obsolete. The new concept must help people, not only in their youth, but throughout their entire lives, to continue to learn and succeed in a changing world. It requires a new way of thinking to broaden of the responsibility for \u201ceducation\u201d to include parents, industries, and government.<\/p>\n

The study found that many countries are facing critical shortages of science teachers, engineers, scientists, and technicians. The problem is much more severe in developed countries because many of the most skilled people are eligible to retire but there are so few numbers of younger people are being prepared to replace them. It is important to emphasize that there is a global skills shortage, not a labor shortage. The most critical needed jobs are those require some level of technical knowledge, problem solving skills, and ability to communicate in a global environment (That is why a foreign language skill is important). Not long ago, workers must go seeking for works, some even have to relocate to another cities or another countries. Today works must go seeking for skilled workers, and wherever there are plenty of skilled worker, works will move there. Not long ago, many manufacturing works were relocated to lower cost countries to reduce costs and increase profits. This trend is about coming to an end soon because many manufacturing works are now be done by machines and automated devices, which costs much less than labor workers (Note: Machines and robots can work non-stop 24 hours and 365 days per year so they are much cheaper.)\u00a0 Future works will depend on skilled workers who manage and operate these machines. These people will use their brains instead of their muscles. As the need for more skilled workers increases, the competition for them also increases. High wages jobs create more supporting jobs and push the economy to higher prosperity.<\/p>\n

In the past decade, the global economy have experienced many ups and downs which took away efforts to improve education in many countries. According to the study, the global skills gap has enter a new phase that it would be difficult to reverse. Today, about two-third of the millions of children in the world do not have access to good education system. 87% of them will not graduate from high school while a large numbers of good jobs require college degree as a minimum. If this situation does not improve soon, the world could experience a significant crisis of poverty, chaos, and possible wars. To avoid this, a broad-based education is needed. Education is no longer belong only to the \u201cacademician scholars\u201d but require cooperation of parents, school, company, industry and government to ensure that education will provide students with the skills and abilities to survive this globalized market. Students must be taught technical knowledge, skills, and new thinking such as flexible and open-minded enough to enhance their employability. Parents must encourage their children to study and learn as much as possible in their pursue of knowledge. Schools must invest in new education programs, new learning process, not impede it just to protect their own positions. Company and industry must collaborate with schools to provide opportunities, expertise, and market knowledge to facilitate better education programs; and government must invest in education and set education improvement as the highest priority for future economic prosperity.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2151,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2150\/revisions\/2151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}