{"id":2146,"date":"2013-07-05T10:46:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2146"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:46:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:46:13","slug":"ngon-ngu-mo-hinh-hoa-thong-nhat-uml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2146","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t – Unified Modeling Language (UML) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c quan, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (hay v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tri th\u1ee9c (ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a) v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 (c\u00fa ph\u00e1p) li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “c\u00e1i g\u00ec”, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n “nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o”. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin, UML KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

UML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i trong pha s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u201cBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed\u00a0 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn coi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00ednh. “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp” c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng” l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 d\u00e3y th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t keo k\u1ebft g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng” l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng UML nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh quan kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00ec UML l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i th\u00eam c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc UML nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i:\u00a0www.uml.org<\/a>, website cho UML t\u1eeb \u00a0the Object Management Group.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 UML l\u00e0: UML Distilled c\u1ee7a Martin Fowler (Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-321-19368-7). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0o UML, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Unified Modeling Language (UML)<\/p>\n

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a popular communication tool in the software industry. It\u00a0uses diagrams and brief descriptions to help developers visualize, construct, and document components (or artifacts) of a software system. UML can be used to captureknowledge (semantics) about a subject and express knowledge (syntax) regarding the subject for the purpose of communication. As a modeling language it can be used to communicate “what” is required of a system, and “how” a system may be implemented. Contradict to many beliefs, UML is NOT a process but it is often used to enables processes.<\/p>\n

UML is often used during\u00a0requirements phase to facilitate better understanding of users\u2019 needs. Both developers and users can find it easy to learn, to review, and detect errors in the early phase of software development.\u00a0Developers could apply \u201cUse Case Diagram\u201dto capture functional requirements of a system and define the scope of the project. The key of use case modeling is in the text portion of a use case model, but most people still consider the diagrams as the focus. The \u201cClass Diagram\u201d is probably the most widely used UML diagrams since it is easy to explain to users. The \u201cActivity Diagram\u201d is good for modeling workflow and time sequences of interactions. They are the glue that bind together many different views of a system into a single diagram. The \u201cObject Diagram\u201d is similar to class diagrams but it also include sample values for quality attributes which is helpful to illustrate concrete examples. \u201cSequence diagram\u201d can be used to illustrate the passing of messages back and forth between objects. \u201cDeployment diagram\u201d can be used to explain the different hardware devices in a system, and the software components installed on each one.<\/p>\n

I often encourage students to use UML as a main tool for communication with customers and users during Capstone projects. It can be used to describe the system from different perspectives: the perspective of the customer and the perspective of the software system itself. Since UML is very easy to learn, you can start use it by following some simple examples. The best way to start is to use few the UML diagrams in a small project then spread the use in other projects, each time add more types then you can learn UML quickly. I do encourage students to explore this tool and begin to use in your next project.<\/p>\n

Detail description of UML can be found at:\u00a0www.uml.org<\/a>. The web site for UML from the Object Management Group.<\/p>\n

The best book on UML is: UML Distilled by Martin Fowler (Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-321-19368-7). It is an excellent introduction to UML, and it is short, easy to read, easy to learn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t – Unified Modeling Language (UML) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2147,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146\/revisions\/2147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}