{"id":2131,"date":"2013-07-05T10:32:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2131"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:32:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:32:43","slug":"co-hoi-thu-hai-de-hoc-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2131","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u201cl\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ee9.\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quan ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 vua. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi th\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ebf cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t h\u1ecd.\u201d\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 sau m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00eam c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: Trong ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u \u201cSC\u201d (Second chance – c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai) r\u1ed3i sao ch\u00e9p n\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y. Sau b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 n\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u01b0\u1ee1i. \u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cSao b\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng hay c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, sinh vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m do vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (24 gi\u1edd) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i dung \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qui t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c: H\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ba “c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai” trong t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc k\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong 12 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i hi\u1ebfm khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o vi ph\u1ea1m qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0y hay l\u1ee3i dung n\u00f3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 “l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n” trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u1ed1m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay xung \u0111\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong l\u00fac ki\u1ec3m tra cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 cho v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A second chance to learn<\/p>\n

Last year when I taught software engineering in China, I often gave students weekly tests and \u201cmake-up\u201d tests. I remembered some professors were very surprised about it. One professor asked me: \u201cWhy would you give students \u201cmake-up\u201d tests when they did not do well on the first tests. If they do not know the answers, they failed\u201d. I explained: \u201cThat is the traditional concept that has been used for thousands of years. The purpose is to eliminate students and to select only the few, the best to be officials to serve the Emperor. That is why traditional education systems have so many exams and so many obstacles for students. Today, the purpose of education is to encourage students to learn, to acquire skills not to eliminate or punish them.\u201d\u00a0 This led to several discussions with the faculty. Few agreed with me but most disagreed as they believe that giving students a second chance in make-up tests would encourage laziness, irresponsible attitudes, and unfair to other students. Later a professor told me that it means more work for the faculty and no one want extra works. I told him that the concept of giving students a second chance is designed to encourage learning. It means that students who have not know the material well have another chance to learn them again. If learning is our ultimate education goal, then why oppose it?<\/p>\n

This is how the make-up test works: During the weekly test, students must determine whether they really know the answer or not. If they do not know or not sure, they may mark the question with the sign \u201cSC\u201d (Second chance) then copy it on a piece of paper. After the test, they can take that paper home and look up the correct answers. The next day, they have to turn in their corrected answers to me so I can grade both their original tests and their make-up tests at the same time. If students missed the question on the first test but answered it correctly on the make-up test, then they received half of the grade. For example, if there are ten questions on the test, a student only have five correct answers will receive five points. However, if he has all five wrong answers corrected in the make-up test, then he will receive two and a half points. The final grade would be seven and a half points.<\/p>\n

Many professors asked me: \u201cWhy bother to help them?\u201d I explained that students learned more by having to look up answers themselves. That means they have to go back and learn the things that they do not know or missed in their own study. Most students told me that by having a second chance, they felt less stressful in the test, they were more comfortable as they learned from their mistakes. During the test, they had to think about each question seriously, determine the answer and decide whether or not they knew the answer or asked for second chance. In this case, they know exactly whether their way of study is effective or not so they can improve it. Of course, to be fair with other students, second chance students still suffer by only receive half of the point from not knowing the answer during the test. They have a short time (24 hours) to find out the correct answers that means they have to do extra study. Basically, learning is what I want from my students, NOT how many of them pass the test.<\/p>\n

To eliminate the problem of lazy students to take advantage of the second chance. I also have another rule: Students can only have maximum three \u201csecond chances\u201d per semester. That means 3 opportunities in 12 weekly tests. For many years, I rarely seen anyone violate this rule or took advantage of it. Often students tell me that they are motivated to learn, knowing that they do have a \u201csafety net\u201d in case something happen. I have seen many good students did not do well in a test because they were sick that day. Sometime they had personal problems or family conflict during test time so having a second chance would help them to catch up with the class.<\/p>\n

Of course, I do not think having a make-up test is the best way to make students learn. I also do not believe in punishing someone for not do well on a test is a better way either. One thing I am sure is the way they learn will stay with them for the rest of their lives but the course materials are only good for few years as technology changes quickly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2132,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131\/revisions\/2132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}