{"id":213,"date":"2013-06-17T20:06:39","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T13:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=213"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:05:31","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:05:31","slug":"day-va-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=213","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sau khi \u0111\u0103ng v\u00e0i b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c,” t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i email t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y?” hay \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho n\u00ean sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i?\u201d M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch h\u01a1n: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hay t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi t\u1eebng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o “kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean” thay v\u00ec “\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng\u201d th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1edb n\u00f3 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Khi sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u00ed do, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u00eam t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kinh nghi\u1ec7m” t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi “ghi nh\u1edb” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Khi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 r\u00f5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh h\u1ecd. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u0169 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 “th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y” sang “sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu slides l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh cho tranh c\u00e3i, cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng nhau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc, h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ki\u1ec3u d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching and learning<\/p>\n

After posting several articles about \u201cActive learning\u201d, I received several emails from teachers expressed their concerns: \u201cWhy should we change the way we teach?” or \u201cWe have been teaching this way for a long time and it worked so why change?\u201d Some were more critical: \u201cWhy should teacher NOT teach but only facilitate students to learn themselves, it does not make sense.\u201d<\/p>\n

I do not like to argue about which method is better or why should we change the way we teach because it is a personal choice as each teacher has to make decision. However I believe that if teachers focus their attention on the \u201cLearning experiences of students\u201d instead of the \u201cdelivery of their lecture\u201d than we can make significant improvement on students\u2019 learning.<\/p>\n

When students read materials before class and use class time to discuss, to interact, to talk about it and work with it, they make learning their own as it becomes meaningful to them. They see why it is important, why they must know these materials and how it fits with what they already know and what they still need to learn. When students are involved with the materials, they are really learning and will remember it longer than just listen to the teacher\u2019s lecture. As students share their views with each others, they are developing their own knowledge.<\/p>\n

By having class discussions, students are learning to ask questions, to find answers, to challenge reasons, to consider alternatives, to evaluate evidence, and develop their skills in solving problems. Their skills can be improved with additional advices and feedbacks from teachers. This type of learning is an \u201cexperience\u201d in contrast with the \u201cmemorization\u201d by listening and absorb as much as they can.<\/p>\n

When students learn by themselves, they develop a deep understanding that go beyond the conceptual level. They know it well based on how they think and what they see the application of these knowledge in the world around them. A good learning experience is based on how they master challenging content, finds out something fascinating, and discover new ways to solve problems, this will create an ongoing hunger for learning more.<\/p>\n

I think these are compelling reasons to change the way we teach. It is not easy to change an old habit of lecturing as we are taught about it most of our lives. To change our way of \u201cteacher-directed teaching\u201d toward \u201cstudent-active learning\u201d requires significant efforts from both teachers and students but it is a very effective method in this fast changing world.<\/p>\n

I believe that there is time for telling students what they need to know but there is time that students have to be more active in their own learning process. And as teachers, we have to make decision when to tell them and when to let them learn by themselves. We have to make decision on what is best for them.<\/p>\n

The process of lecturing and showing slides where students sit quietly to listen and absorb the knowledge transfer by teachers may not be suitable for the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century college classroom. It may be better to move into a dynamic environment where classroom is the place for debate, for discuss and solving problem together. If you are not sure, ask your students on what they prefer. I think it is time that we need to encourage this new type of teaching and learning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau khi \u0111\u0103ng v\u00e0i b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c,” t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i email t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":615,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}