{"id":2127,"date":"2013-07-05T10:29:14","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2127"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:29:14","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:29:14","slug":"vien-kien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2127","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti hay m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 l\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1829, \u00f4ng Martin Van Buren, th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c New York v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Andrew Jackson, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Van Buren \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do: \u201cT\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 15 d\u1eb7m m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhanh cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 xe ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Xe ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 trong khi t\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. T\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n hay kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i n\u00f3. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00eanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u00f4ng Van Buren \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ee7 xa nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xe ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 bang New York c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kinh doanh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a bang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u1edf M\u0129. N\u0103m 1895, hu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbc Kelvin, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0ng gia Anh \u1edf England \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cM\u00e1y bay n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3.\u201d C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, Ferdinand Foch, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cC\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang bay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.\u201d B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1y bay khi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u0129 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh cho li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra. N\u0103m 1876, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Western Union, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu xem nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i AT&T tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, Western Union n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1976, khi Apple Computer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra, Ken Olson, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Digital Equipment Corp. (c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau IBM) \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd.\u201d Khi IBM x\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Apple \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n IBM (PC), do thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, Digital Equipment \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Apple Computer \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. N\u0103m 1976, Steve Jobs \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Atari v\u00e0 HP, hai c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cT\u00f4i t\u1edbi Atari v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i? Hay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd trao n\u00f3 cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u00f4ng.\u201d V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Atari b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i \u201cKh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ngu xu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c anh x\u00e9o \u0111i.\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u1edbi HP v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c anh, c\u1ea3 hai anh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc xong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ngu xu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh.\u201d C\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau th\u00edch vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vay $4000 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, Atari ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 HP l\u00e2m v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do c\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb Apple Computer.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Microsoft l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 IBM. N\u0103m 1982, Microsoft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 IBM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 Bill Gates\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i $100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch IBM c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201c$100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti v\u00f4 danh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, Microsoft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Bill Gates th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u201cthi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn\u201d b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i, c\u00f4ng ti g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sa th\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 60,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd s\u1ee3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. H\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch duy tr\u00ec “\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 chung l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1ch \u0111o, v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. S\u00e1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 \u201cl\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n\u201d. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb k\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean? Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb chung. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cao qu\u00ed, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u00f4 t\u00f4 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: “S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. Chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn “ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ch\u0103m nom t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1eefa khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c mua “s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.” \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ebf v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i theo. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, m\u00e3i sau khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Andrew Carnegie l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, b\u00e0o t\u00e0ng, h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng cho sinh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc – Carnegie Mellon. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: “M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa m\u1ea5y khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft \u0111i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo \u0111i c\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0, ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o khi ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft nh\u1ee5c.” V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c: Bill Gates. Sau khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon v\u00e0 th\u0103m m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Andrew Carnegie, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Vision<\/p>\n

The vision is the ability to see far in the future so you can plan for it. It is often expressed in a formal statement for a person, a company, or an organization. It is\u00a0a clear and vivid idealized description of a desired outcome that can inspires people who follow it. It is the most important character of a good leader as it clearly distinguish a leader from a manager. Lacking of a vision often has a devastating effect on a person, a company, and an organization. We can look back in history and see the results of the lack of vision<\/p>\n

Everybody know that the building of the railroad from the east to the west changed the history of America. But in 1829, Mr. Martin Van Buren, the governor of New York and a group of senators wrote to Andrew Jackson, the U.S President and lists a number of reasons why the US should not build the railroads. In the letter, Mr. Van Buren stated the reasons: \u201cA train runs at 15 mph is too fast for anyone to travel and can cause death. We already have horse carriage which is better for transportation. Horse carriages can go anywhere when a train can only goes where there is railroad. A train will scare women and children and they would not go near or dare to ride it. Building railroad is also very expensive and will have a negative economic impact on our country. It will hurt the shipping industry. We already have many rivers and canals and do not need to spend money to build a railroad which could bankrupt our country.\u201d Many people believed Mr. Van Buren did not see far enough but few people know that he owned a company that build horse carriages and his state New York, was the capital of ship building at that time. He was basically wanted to protect his own business and his own state\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n

Everybody know that the airplane concept was developed in Europe but the airplane was invented in the U.S. In 1895, Lord Kelvin, the president of Royal Society in England declared: \u201cHeavier than air flying machines are impossible. It is the imagination of stupid people who do not know anything about science. I recommend that our government not to pursue that impossible task.\u201d. In agreement with him, Ferdinand Foch, Director of France \u2018s Defense strategy school of the military declared: \u201cThose flying machines, if they ever fly is just interesting toys but of no military value\u201d. Because of that lack of vision of both leaders, France and England did not build airplane when Germany and the U.S did.<\/p>\n

Everybody know that telegraph was the main way of distance communication until the telephone was invented. In 1876, The president of Western Union, the largest telegraph company wrote: \u201cTelephone has too many problems to be seriously considered as a means of communication. This device is of no value to us. Just ignore it and it will go away\u201d. Of course, several years later, telephone company AT&T become one of the largest companies in the U.S and due to the lack of vision, Western Union filed for bankruptcy.<\/p>\n

Everybody know that personal computer has replaced the mainframe computer. In 1976, when Apple Computer was invented, Ken Olson, the president of Digital Equipment Corp.(The second largest computer company in the world after IBM) commented: \u201cThere is no reason anyone would want to have a computer in their home\u201d. When IBM was rushing to compete with Apple to build the IBM Personal Computer (PC), Due to the lack of vision, Digital Equipment did nothing. Few years later, it went bankrupt.<\/p>\n

Everybody know that Apple Computer helped revolutionalize the electronic industry. In 1976, Steve Jobs is attempted to sell his invention to Atari and HP, two largest electronic companies at that time. He wrote in his book: \u201cI went to Atari and said: \u201cHey, we have an amazing small computer, even built with your electronic parts, what do you think about funding us? Or we will give it to you so you can sell it because we just want to have it built. If you pay our salary, we will come working for you\u201d. And Atari managers told me \u201cNo, it is a stupid thing, get out\u201d. So I went to HP and they said: \u201cWe do not need you, both of you have not even got through college yet. Do not bother us with your stupid idea\u201d. We were both so disappointed but we love our vision so much. I had to borrow $4000 dollars to start our own company. Few years later, Atari went bankrupt and HP was in serious problem due to competition from Apple Computer.<\/p>\n

Everybody know that Microsoft is the largest software company in the world and almost destroyed IBM. In 1982, Microsoft was a very small company that IBM could easily buy it but after Bill Gates asked for $100 million, IBM president laughed and told him: \u201c$100 million dollars is too much to pay for such an unknown company. That is not a good investment for us\u201d. Few years later. Microsoft was valued at hundred billion dollars and making Bill Gates the richest man on earth. The \u201cLack of vision\u201d president was fired, the company almost went bankrupt and have to laid off over 60,000 people.<\/p>\n

Throughout history, there are so many stories like that. There were so many important people who did not have the vision to kook further than their desk. They did not understand the potential of a good idea and missed the opportunity. These people were too busy with their mundane work and had no time for anything else. They were afraid of change because they did not know what will happen to them. They preferred the comfort of doing nothing. They preferred to maintain their \u201cStatus Quo\u201d and do not want to be bothered. They may be good managers but NOT leaders.\u00a0One thing that all good leaders have in common is vision and that is why they are good.<\/p>\n

If you wish to improve your leadership skills, you need to have a vision. Of course, it is not just keep it in your head but you need to make it into a reality by design it in a strategic plan. The typical strategic plan consists of\u00a0six factors: The vision, the goals, the values, the measurements, and the monitoring process to check progress. These six factors will determine whether you succeed or fail, and will also demonstrate your leadership abilities.<\/p>\n

Employees who understand the vision and goals of company have a much better success rate than employees who just do their jobs regardless of company vision. Company owner must share the vision with employees so they can align everything they do in according with the vision and direction of the company. Although most good leaders appeared to naturally develop their vision but to many people, developing a vision can be difficult.<\/p>\n

I have seen a company vision like \u201cTo make a lot of money\u201d. Personally. I think that is a vague and selfish vision that do not define a good leadership. In this case, company\u2019s employees may not agree with such a vision as it has nothing to do with them. Making lots of money may be the owner\u2019s goal but what is in it for the employees? A good vision must be a shared vision. A good vision is something that both owner and employees desire. A good vision must be something short, easy to understand and easy to remember. The vision should guide the entire company for a long time. To create this vision, you should decide what you want. Think of something you would like to achieve, something noble, something your followers will be proud of. Few years ago, I saw a vision of a Japanese automobile company: “Produce the best quality cars for the lowest possible price.” This is an excellent example of a good vision as it is something that everybody in the company can share and be proud of. The direction is to build a quality cars and every employees want their products to be high quality. They will align whatever they do to achieve that \u201cquality\u201d vision. A vision like that also shows that the owner care for the customers too as they can benefit from buying a \u201cquality product at the best price\u201d. It sends a message to employees that the owner place the best interests of customers ahead of the company.<\/p>\n

A vision is so important as it set the direction for other people to follow. It is an idea that can live forever, long after the people who created it have died. It is something that can be used to inspire those who are born many years into the future. Andrew Carnegie is one of the most richest people in America in the early 20th century but he gave everything he had to charity such as building libraries, museum, student scholarships, and an university – Carnegie Mellon. He wrote:”The day is not far distant when the man who dies leaving behind him millions of available wealth which he cannot take with him. Of such man the verdict will be, ‘The man who dies rich, dies disgraced”. Few years later, that vision change another very rich man: Bill Gates. After he came back from visiting Carnegie Mellon and Andrew Carnegie grave, he announced that he will also give everything he has to charity.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2127"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2128,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127\/revisions\/2128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}