{"id":2125,"date":"2013-07-05T10:27:19","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2125"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:27:19","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:27:19","slug":"cuoc-hanh-trinh-cmmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2125","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh CMMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u email h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng CMMI cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i tr\u00ean website n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean xin xem l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n: qui tr\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c\u00a0 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c CMMI v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c blog tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti so theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 CMMI. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u00a0V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong CMMI m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi, th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u, do thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecf qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ed5 b\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ebf trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ghen t\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c CMMI cao h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vui \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “t\u1ed5”. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 4 hay 5, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c” hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m nom v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1u cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng ra trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 website c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh. Xin nh\u1edb cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd tin b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 “ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9” gi\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 CMMI m\u1ee9c 5. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u00e0 k\u00ed h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng sau khi h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u0129 c\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia mi\u1ec1n s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i CMMI m\u1ee9c 1 nh\u01b0ng \u201cgi\u1ea3 v\u1edd\u201d l\u00e0 CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd k\u00ed h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. S\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 chia s\u1ebb vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch. C\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0 qua th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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The CMMI journey<\/p>\n

I have received several emails inquiring about the use of CMMI for process improvement. I have written many articles in this website, so please review them. When people think of process improvement, they must consider the three components: process, people, and tools. These three components play an important in determining how successful the process improvement results will be. Company needs a well-defined processes to develop software. Company needs tools to support their process and make the development activities more efficient. However, company must realize that it is their people that do the work by following the process, and use the tools. Therefore, if you want to improve, the best is to focus on your employees because they are responsible for the success or failure of your improvement effort.<\/p>\n

Many people keep ask me about the CMMI levels and the appraisal. As I mentioned in previous blogs, a level is meaningless if it does not bring real result. An appraisal is only a review of a company\u2019s capability against a standard such as the CMMI. It is important to understand that real improvement comes with the employees. Most issues in low level CMMI are really about the lack of knowledge and skills so you can do well by paying attention to these areas.\u00a0The major problems in CMMI lower levels are NOT technical but bad behavior, bad habit, due to lack of knowledge. A developer skips design and hurry to write code is one example of bad habit. A manager orders the team to skip testing is another example of bad behavior. A project manager estimates project schedule by select an arbitrary date based on his own intuition or customer request is an example of lack of knowledge. Software work is NOT technological work but social work because nobody works alone. Teamwork is so important in software development but personal conflicts, internal jealousy, not sharing information, provide wrong data are all bad behavior that must change.<\/p>\n

In higher CMMI levels, developers always work in team, they have fun and perform at their best because teamwork is everything. That is why they are at higher levels. That is why these developers work together to overcome obstacles. That is why there is no individual hero but only \u201cthe team\u201d. If your company already had a CMMI appraisal, you probably know that unless your company was appraised at CMMI level 4 or 5, many problems that you encountered were people issues. You must deal with these issues as they are foundations for all the improvement work. For example, If your developers must complete projects based on \u201cunrealistic schedules\u201d or work in an environment that allows so many personal conflicts, so many arguments, so many personal issues then\u00a0 do you think that they could improve the process and develop quality products?<\/p>\n

If you cannot help your employees solve these problems. If you cannot convince them that you can help them solve these problems, your improvement effort will fail. If you do not care about real improvement but only want to have a certificate than you are paying too much for a piece of paper. Many owners dream of having a certificate so they can display in their offices and websites, many believe that customers will see that then immediately want to do business with them. Some consultants will probably advise them something like that. Some people believe the certificate is the ticket to get more business. Please remember that no customer would believe you, no one would give you a contract because you have a paper \u201ccertify\u201d that your company is a CMMI level 5. Global companies only do business and sign contracts after they thoroughly review your company. They will conduct their own assessment to determine whether you have the skills and the domain expertise that match their needs. If you claim a CMMI level 5 but their review find that your company is nothing but a CMMI level 1 but \u201cpretend \u201d to be a CMMI level 5 then it means that you are NOT honest and cannot be trusted. In that case, do you think they will sign a contract with you?<\/p>\n

Process improvement must start with the vision, the commitment and the knowledge. It is a long and difficult journey. It will take several years to get to the destination. However a company owner that invests in their own employees will not travel alone. He will have an entire team that share his vision, his commitment and willing work hard to get to the destination. Together they will travel and over time, they will get to the destination.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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