{"id":2123,"date":"2013-07-05T10:26:23","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2123"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:26:23","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:26:23","slug":"chung-nhan-cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2123","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u email h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNTT \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hay \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 CNTT v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p CNTT. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 CNTT x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p CNTT x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Microsoft c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, t\u1eebng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Microsoft \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Microsoft ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. Microsoft c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; Cisco c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Novell c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v.v. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Microsoft ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Cisco. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1ea5y k\u00ec thi Novell, k\u00ec thi Microsoft, hay k\u00ec thi Cisco, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong k\u00ec thi theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, Microsoft mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m A nh\u01b0ng Cisco mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m B trong c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y k\u00ec thi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Novell, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch Novell mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y k\u00ec thi c\u1ee7a Microsoft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch Microsoft mu\u1ed1n. V\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u00e2y l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt hay c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh hay m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9\u00a0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 NT 3.5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Microsoft MCSE. Khi Microsoft \u0111\u1ed5i MCSE sang NT 4.0, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3.5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u00ec thi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cho NT 4.0. Khi Microsoft chuy\u1ec3n sang Window 2000, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u00eam n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi th\u00eam n\u1eefa. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Window 7 ra, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y th\u00eam k\u00ec thi, l\u1ea5y th\u00eam ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Microsoft.<\/p>\n

Xin xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a\u00a0 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ee9 sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng hay v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau l\u1edbp hay b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau k\u00ec thu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Window 7 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m Window Vista, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n CNTT to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Microsoft, Cisco, Novell, Oracle, Dell, HP, Unix, Linux v.v. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Microsoft ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00f3 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m” kh\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m \u1edf trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti “v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng “th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n”, “l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft”, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho b\u1ea1n “\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n” m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o San Jose \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “T\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e0i thi” ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7 b\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Microsoft r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn” l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m tay g\u00ec t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, hay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf Microsoft ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00ec th\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u thi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, k\u00e9m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1eabn kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn” tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CNTT kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9? C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3\u00a0 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129, Anh, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cC\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian l\u1eadn c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. Cung \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea h\u1ecd th\u00eam n\u1eefa.\u201d M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o hay c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n g\u00ec r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p? B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information Technology certification<\/p>\n

I have received several emails asking for information about Information Technology (IT) certifications. Some people asked whether they should go to special schools to get certified in particular IT technology or go to college to get a degree. One people wrote that he considered the different between amount of money and time spent for a certificate and for a degree to get a job in the industry. It seems that there are many opinions on this issue.<\/p>\n

Answer: There is a big different between an IT certificate and an IT degree. Certificate training requires only few weeks to few months. College degree requires four years. IT certificate qualifies you for supporting job in the industry. IT degree qualifies you for variety of careers in the industry. People do not need to go to college to get a job, they have many choices depend on their own situations.<\/p>\n

IT certifications is issued by a technology company. Its purpose is to make sure a that the certified person understands some of the functionality of that company\u2019s product. For example, Microsoft has several certifications, each focuses on a particular Microsoft product. Workers who support a Microsoft products must learn about that product than take a test to validate that they have the skill to do the job.<\/p>\n

The problem is that each company has their own set of certification criteria and they are all different. Microsoft has its own criteria; Cisco has its own criteria, Novell has its own criteria, etc. Whatever Microsoft thinks a worker should know may be different from Cisco. If you have ever taken a Novell exam, a Microsoft exam, or a Cisco exam, you probably have been taught to answer questions on the exam the way a particular company wants you to answer the questions. Sometime, Microsoft want you to do A but Cisco want you to do B in the same situation. So if you want to get certified in a particular technology, you must go to a particular training. If you take a Novell certificate exam, you must answer the way Novell wanted. If you take the Microsoft exam, you must answer the way Microsoft wanted. For the same question, each company could have different correct answers. This is why it is very confusing to people who have taken more than one certificate from different companies.<\/p>\n

Because certifications are issued by technology company, the company can change, update, or completely issue a new certification as often as it wants. All certificates are based on the life cycle of a product, such as an operating system or a server. Your certificate only has value when that product is being used. For example, you have paid a lot of money to learn and passed an exam to qualify for Microsoft MCSE for NT 3.5. When Microsoft changed the MCSE to NT 4.0. Everything that you learn in 3.5 is no longer valid. You have to take another class and exam to qualify for NT 4.0. When Microsoft switch to Window 2000, then you have to take more classes, more exams. Now Window 7 came out, you have to learn new things, take more exams, get more certifications to get the most-up-to-date Microsoft\u2019s qualifications.<\/p>\n

Please consider this: Technology companies only care for their products. They want to have new product come out every few months or year so they can make more money. As the support person, you must continue to learn whatever you need to keep your job. Technology company does not care how many classes you must take or how many exams you must pass to qualify to work. If you work for a company, your manager may pay for your training to upgrade your skill. If you are looking for job, you are on your own. If you do not have the latest certificate, they do not hire you. Regardless how many years of experience that you have with the previous version. If they need a Window 7 support but you have Window Vista experience, you are not qualified.<\/p>\n

Because certifications are issued by particular technology company, they do not prepare you to work for the entire IT domain area. You only know one technology, one specific area, and can do limited thing related to what you know. Today most companies do not use one technology but many integrated technologies. For example, a company may use Microsoft, Cisco, Novell, Oracle, Dell, HP, Unix, Linux etc. But as a Microsoft certified, you can only work in something related to what you are qualified to do, not something else.<\/p>\n

There is another \u201csensitive issue\u201d that should be mentioned. Technology company is in the business to sell their products. They are not in the business of training so they outsource it to training companies. Training companies are in the business of training. The more people they train, the more money they make. They do not want students to fail an exam and stay in class taking the place of someone new. Some \u201cUnethical\u201d companies often use \u201cTricks\u201d, \u201cShortcuts\u201d, or even give you the \u201cAnswers\u201d that you can memorize and pass the certification exams without really know the technology well.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, a San Jose newspaper reporter investigated this kind of training. She went to a training school, paid money and received an \u201cExam answer sheets\u201d where she could memorize in few days to pass certificate exams. She passed seven Microsoft certificates then wrote in the newspaper that she was \u201cCertified\u201d as expert in the technology without even touch a server, or a computer. That article stirred up angers in the industry, prompted Microsoft to cancelled the contract with that particular training school and changed the paper test exams into a simulation type of exam. In my opinion, it is only a temporary solution. Many certificate exams are still poorly written, poorly organized, and not in alignment with the needs of the industry. It is still difficult to know whether a certified person know the technology well enough just based on few weeks trainings. If a person pay enough money, he could still pass many exams because certifications are issued by independent company, no one from government or special authority is overseeing the certification process. Today there are millions of\u00a0 \u201cCertified\u201d IT workers all over the world, many of them just know enough to do minimum work. That is why many IT certified workers do not receive respect from professional IT workers.<\/p>\n

There is still debate over the need for a degree versus the need for a certification. There is no resolution. Some people believe that in few months, a certificate can help people to get a job which is better, faster, and cheaper. Other believe an education for several years can help people to get a better view, higher skills, deeper knowledge which would help them to build a career for a long time. In my opinion, they are all correct in their own view.<\/p>\n

So it would be best to look in the local job market. Is the job market demands people with degree or certificate? What does the local IT industry need? Do most advertisements require a degree or a certificate?. How many certificates does a person need to get a job? How do we assess a person\u2019s skills and experience?<\/p>\n

To find the answer for this, I spent several weeks looking at job advertising in several countries to identify a trend in hiring. Today the answer is a college degree is needed to work in the industry in the U.S, the UK, Western European countries, China, Japan, S. Korea which puts people with certifications at a disadvantage. I also called several friends in the industry for their opinions. One senior manager of a large software company summarized it as follow: \u201cThere are too many certified IT workers already, many do not know what they are doing. So many people cheat on certificate exams. The supply has exceed demand. There is no way to identify skilled people from unskilled people. We do not hire them anymore\u201d A person attended certificate school told me: \u201cI do not really knows which certificates or how many are needed to get a job. There are too many advertized by training companies that they are the best and can get you jobs but no one guarantee it.\u201d<\/p>\n

The best advice I can give at this point is to assess what the local job industry need then ask yourself what is best for you. Do you need a job or a career? What do I want to do next year, next ten years, and for the rest of your life?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u email h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,15,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2124,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2123\/revisions\/2124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}