{"id":2119,"date":"2013-07-05T10:23:25","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2119"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:23:25","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:23:25","slug":"cai-tien-qui-trinh-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2119","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh cho v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t ba n\u0103m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, h\u1ecd b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean qui tr\u00ecnh, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh MBA r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kinh doanh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cvi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau\u201d th\u00e0nh ai \u0111\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch \u201c\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian\u201d th\u00e0nh ai \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho nhi\u1ec1u qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u1ea5y b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ec nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG x\u1ea3y ra. D\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c “t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i” c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201cl\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hi v\u1ecdng\u201d do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra l\u1ec7nh. L\u00e0m sao c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 chung l\u00e0: “\u0110\u1ec3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xong \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn sau.”<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c CMMI. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CMMI m\u1ee9c 3.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Khi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f2n tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n” ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7\u00a0 c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0\u1edbc ao. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf \u201cCMMI m\u1ee9c 3\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 sau khi tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho “nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng may, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd \u201cch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9\u201d v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m tra \u201ck\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nghe n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CMMI. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bu\u1ed5i t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i Thanh Hoa n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 “c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ra tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 ai t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. (C\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn? Ai s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng ti? Ai l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? L\u00ed do n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u? M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? V.v.).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi CMMI hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn CMMI n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea5t n\u00f3 l\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u2013 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Process Improvement part 1<\/p>\n

Last year, I conducted a process improvement training in Beijing for several software company owners. Following is a summary of that training:<\/p>\n

Most developers do not want to change the way they work. Once they learn something, they stick with it. If they are trained in programming, they stick with programming. That is why many developers often start with coding and ignore requirements and design. Even they know about software development life cycle but still jump to coding because most are taught three years of programming in college but only few months about development life cycle. Therefore programming becomes their habits and skills.<\/p>\n

Most managers do not want to change the way they work. Once they learn something, they stick with it. If they are trained in managing, they stick with managing. That is why many managers always often start with schedule and ignore process, estimates, quality, and efforts. Even they know about software development life cycle but still focus on schedule because most are taught in their MBA program that meeting schedule is important. Business Management school only taught financial, marketing but rarely mentioned about quality. Therefore deliver product on schedule to get paid becomes their habits and skills.<\/p>\n

Changing the habit of people who prefer \u201cCode first, ask question later\u201d into someone who follow a process is very difficult. Changing the habit of people who prefer \u201cmeet schedule first, focus on quality when you have time\u201d into someone who know how to plan, how to estimate, how to negotiate, follow a process, is very difficult. That is why software improvement rarely happens in software companies.<\/p>\n

The greatest challenge for any process improvement is overcoming these bad habits. Not only managers must commit to make improvement happens but they must be willing to change their own thinking and learn about improvement process. If managers do not change first then nothing will change. This is why so many companies failed because managers believe developers must change but they do not have to do anything. They are willing to pay consultants to teach developers to document a lot of processes and hope that improvement will happen since they do not have to do much beside order developers to do more works.<\/p>\n

Without management looking inward and changing their view, improvement will NOT happen. It is easy to see how others must change, not so easy for themselves to change is the biggest problem in most software companies. For many years, I have observed so many software improvement effort failed because managers do not understand the basic \u201cself change\u201d. How could developers improve when the entire development process relies upon \u201chopeful schedules\u201d dictated by managers. How could improvement happens when the general attitude is: “Get the project out, meet schedule first then do the improvement later”.<\/p>\n

Although software improvement maybe important, it is not urgent, not the highest priority, so it is often neglected. Many times, company only wants to have a CMMI level certificate. They pay consultant to come in, provides training courses, conducts an appraisal, then issues a piece of paper such as \u201cCertified CMMI level 3\u201d. After that everything will return to normal as nothing happen. As long as company owner believes that is all they need then improvement is only an \u201cexpensive game\u201d without any results.<\/p>\n

Real improvement must come with measureable results. If quality is important, the result must be measured in quality. If schedule is important then the result must be that all projects must meet schedules. If profit is important than the result must be measured by better profits for the owners. Improvement is about changing the way the entire company conduct business to achieve certain goals that the company owner wishes. If the owner wishes to have a piece of paper certifies that the company is appraised at \u201cCMMI level 3\u201d then the company will receive it after paying a lot of money for an \u201cunethical consultant\u201d. Unfortunately, this sad situation happened all over the world.<\/p>\n

Last year, when I was in China I met several software company owners. They told me that they have read my book on software improvement (Several of my software books has been translated into Chinese) and agreed with my view about real improvement. Many told me that they did pay consultants to give them \u201ccertificates\u201d with the hope that they will receive more businesses from the U.S and Europe. Eventually many western companies did come to their companies to explore business opportunities. However, they all conducted their own reviews to verify the \u201ccertificated results\u201d. After that they never heard anything from them. Later, they found out that these companies decided to do business with other companies in another country.<\/p>\n

When these owners found out that I was teaching in TsinghuaUniversity, they requested a meeting with me since I was one of the authors of the CMMI. I agreed to help them by giving a workshop at Tsinghua where they have to follow some instructions to learn about \u201creal process improvement\u201d.<\/p>\n

First I asked them to write vision about their company and what do they want to achieve in the next five to ten years. This was not easy, many owners had some ideas in mind but never actually write them down on a piece of paper. I explained that the vision is a concise statement that defines the What, Why, and Who from the business point of view. It establishes the business objectives and goals relate to how the company operates. (What business does the company do? Why do you want to improve? Who will be responsible for the company? Who are your customers? What would your company does for the customers? What are the reason customers want to do business with your company? What will be the state of the operational environment? How will your company be distinguished in the global market place? What are the company goals? How do you measure your goals? Etc.).<\/p>\n

Many were so surprised that it had nothing to do with the CMMI or any technical aspects that they would expect me to advise them. I told them that without a clear vision and goals, people would be confused and do not know the reason of why they need to improve the process. In the past, many developers were told to follow some CMMI instructions such as document a process but they did not know why. They did what they were told and after completed a lengthy process document, they put it on the shelf for display but their habit never change. They continued to stick to what they knew best \u2013 coding and nothing changed in the company so the improvement failed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh cho v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2119"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2120,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2119\/revisions\/2120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}