{"id":2112,"date":"2013-07-05T10:19:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2112"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:19:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:19:56","slug":"dot-song-thu-hai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2112","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p”. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n” tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00ec c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng cung b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi gian, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 nh\u01b0 Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Microsoft, Google, Facebook v\u00e0 Accenture c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 \u00e0o \u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. C\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u0129 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Theo m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a Wipro, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ta \u0111ang thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 v\u1ec1 kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u00ea t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea1nh tranh c\u0169ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u1edf M\u0129. Surya Kant, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti Tata \u1edf b\u1eafc M\u0129 n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e1ng ba trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 2000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd,” \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i. Infosys Technologies c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u00ea v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 n\u0103m nay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf M\u0129. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd l\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1. C\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Google l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n sang \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u01b0 Facebook, Twitter c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c cho suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i: \u201cTr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p qua r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p” n\u1eefa m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c IBM, Microsoft, Oracle v\u00e0 Google. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.\u201d B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 trong kinh doanh CNTT. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cV\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti t\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd t\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i coi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la hay h\u01a1n. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Khi m\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n xa kh\u1ecfi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu suy tho\u00e1i n\u00e0y, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ed3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 “n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00f5i” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o giao t\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5” \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao doanh nghi\u1ec7p CNTT b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 do v\u1eady nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u0169ng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi M\u0129 \u0111i sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m M\u0129 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1eabn d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed CNTT gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u1eedi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf M\u0129, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n M\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb A t\u1edbi Z.\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t kinh doanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, n\u01a1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m M\u0129, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c CNTT sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Sao ph\u1ea3i chia b\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh?\u201d Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5o h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u1eafm to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ca ng\u1ee3i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u0129 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o M\u0129. V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao th\u1ebf \u1edf M\u0129, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H-1B v\u00e0 visa L. Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o M\u0129 khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra li\u00ean bang nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh. C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf M\u0129.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu suy tho\u00e1i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00eam n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00f5i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, sa th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi CNTT, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed tr\u00ed b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti CNTT chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao trong CNTT v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The second wave<\/p>\n

For the past twenty years, India’s IT outsourcing industry was built on \u201clower costs\u201d software engineers. Beginning this year, Indian companies are hiring thousands of \u201chigher costs\u201d software engineers all over the world. This shift reflects the coming of the second wave of globalization and the growing complexity of knowledge work that requires higher levels of skills not found in India. As demand grows but limited supply, Indian companies are sending representatives to find skilled workers wherever they can find them. At the same time, U.S companies like Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Accenture also have massive recruitment efforts to find talents overseas. The global competition for skilled workers has started.<\/p>\n

When U.S tech companies begin to recruit software workers in Eastern Europe, many Indian companies were already there, at least several months ahead of them. According to a senior managers of Wipro, his company is hiring thousands of software engineers all over Eastern Europe to meet the global demand. Today Indian IT companies are battling with U.S companies for global business and the key in this battle is to hire the best talent possible regardless of the costs.<\/p>\n

The competition is also fierce in the U.S. Surya Kant, president of Tata Consultancy Services in North American said his company begins the hiring in March in just few months already has over 2000 American employees. \u201cWe are hiring more if we can find them” he said. Infosys Technologies also has plans to hire several thousand Americans this year to meet the growing demand in the U.S. As Indian companies are aggressive hiring and willing to pay more, many American companies suddenly found themselves on the defensive mode. Company like Google immediately declared a big raise in salary to every employees to prevent the exodus of workers to competitors. Fast growing companies like Facebook, Twitter are also having difficult to find skilled workers as it slowdown their anticipated growth rate for years to come. Despite the recession and high unemployment elsewhere, software industry is still growing at significant rate. Many Indian IT companies are now setting up software development centers in the U.S and Europe as the demand keep growing fast.<\/p>\n

A senior Indian IT manager said: \u201cThe low cost game is over. Now it is about skills. We are no longer the \u201clow-cost labor\u201d company but want to be the best. We want to challenge IBM, Microsoft, Oracle and Google. We want to be the largest software company in the industry\u201d. His comment reflects the new positive attitude among Indian\u2019s software engineers. In past years, the number of Indian millionaires and billionaires is growing as their industry is booming. Among the top fifty richest people on earth, ten come from India and six are in IT business. An Indian IT senior executive told the local newspapers: \u201cFew years ago, many companies came to us because they want our lower costs. Now they come to us because they need our skills. Few years ago, we considered few hundred thousand dollars contract as good. Now we focus on contracts worth million dollars or more. Few years ago, a million dollars profit was great news. Today we measure our profit in billion dollars. As far as the higher skills are needed, we are moving away from cheap labor since our customers are willing to pay much more for our services.\u201d<\/p>\n

In this post recession time, the outsourcing market is already changing. Few years ago, most company would do architecture and design then outsource programming and testing to lower cost countries such as China and India. Today, most companies are returning to their \u201ccore competency\u201d and outsource the entire software development as it is not their key competency. Automobile companies are focusing on building cars NOT information systems. Financial companies are focusing on financial transactions and investments NOT information systems. By consolidate the business, companies find themselves more focus to stay competitive in this global market. Many get rid of their information systems by outsource them to companies specialize in information system. The concept of \u201cCloud computing\u201d and \u201cSoftware as a service\u201d have transformed the entire approach of implement information technology. Companies all over the world are now getting rid of their own information systems to focus on what they do best. That is why IT business is exploding and so does the need of highly skilled workers.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, many software jobs are leaving the U.S to India and China but now it beginning to change course. The demand is so large that Indian companies do not have the skills to do it all so many \u00a0Indian companies are moving to the U.S and hire skilled people here. Today, a large number of U.S software developers are working for Indian companies to do architecture, design and set up system infrastructure but the coding and testing are still shifting to India to take advantage of the lower cost there. As the level of sophistication of outsourced work increases, the traditional outsourcing model is becoming obsolete. One IT manager explained: \u201cIn the past U.S companies do architecture and design and send their design to India or China for coding and testing. Now since we are here in the U.S, we have many U.S developers who could do these highly skills so we take over the entire development from A to Z.\u00a0 Without a strong U.S presence and knowledge of the changing market, many outsourcing companies from other countries suddenly found themselves losing business to these aggressive Indian companies.<\/p>\n

What works well in traditional outsourcing is lower skills, simple works such as coding, testing. The highly skilled works, where experience and judgment is required, are usually done closer to the customers. By having a strong highly skilled workforce in the U.S and hiring skilled U.S software developers, Indian companies are strategically blocking the current outflow of IT works to other countries. One Indian IT executive declared: \u201cWhy not have the whole cake and eat it all. Why share with other when you can have the whole thing?\u201d. This change in business model will have significant impact on the future of outsourcing market in the next few years. One industry expert predicts: \u201cIf Indian companies could strategically implement it in the U.S and Europe, it would be very difficult for anyone to compete with them. You cannot patiently wait in your own country for customers to come to you because you have lower cost. Your competitors in already in the home of your customers and grab the whole thing, they can offer both high skills and low cost too. If China and other countries do not make a similar move, there will be nothing left.\u201d<\/p>\n

As some newspapers praise the brilliant strategic move of Indian companies. Actually this move is more of a response to the change in U.S immigration policy rather a well planned strategy as it is becoming tougher to bring overseas employees to the United States. With such high unemployment in the U.S, Congress has restricted the issue of special foreign worker visas called H-1B and L visas. The process of obtaining visas to bring overseas employees to the United States has become much more difficult, particularly following allegations that many Indian companies have taken advantage of these laws to bring so many Indian workers to the U.S. when many U.S citizens could not find works. The allegation has led to a federal investigation but Indian companies denies the charges.<\/p>\n

Today the growing needs are highly specialized skills such as Requirements engineers, Business analysts, Project managers, System architects, Information system managers, Services managers, System designers, and Security specialists. These highly skills are currently taught only in few top universities in the U.S and Western Europe but not available elsewhere. Indian companies need these special skills to expand their business. They know that the only place they can get them is in the U.S. and that is why they are moving quickly to relocate their development centers in the U.S.<\/p>\n

With globalization, technology market can change fast. Experts in the industry agreed that outsourcing business is already changing. The day of low labor, lower skills is over and being replaced by higher wages, higher skills. As many companies are struggled to survive in the post-recession era, they cannot afford to do so many things anymore. They must focus on their own core competencies so they have to quickly getting rid of their information systems, laid-off their IT people, and moving into \u201cCloud Computing\u201d where information systems is handled by external professional IT companies. This change has led to a huge demand for highly skilled people in IT and create a shortage of skilled workers all over the world. The large hiring effort that is happening now reflects the changing nature of outsourcing and signal the coming of the second wave of globalization, where quality and highly skilled workers are needed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p”. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2112"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2114,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112\/revisions\/2114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}