{"id":2104,"date":"2013-07-05T10:15:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2104"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:15:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:15:56","slug":"van-de-that-nghiep-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2104","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFrank m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009 nh\u01b0ng h\u00f4m nay anh ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u0103m d\u00f2 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u00eam n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, anh ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i 45 tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u khi t\u00f4i b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Carol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb th\u00edch di\u1ec7n, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f4 \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi khi b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. T\u00f4i m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho t\u00f4i ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jeff l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn. Anh ta s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3 hai con h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3. Anh ta m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m 2009 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong th\u1eddi suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao. Khi t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m nom v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb.\u201d V\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, anh ta c\u0169ng chi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ba xe sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 d\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1ecdi n\u0103m. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh ta c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Anh ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m h\u01a1n cho Bill. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u201cb\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01a1n xin \u201cnhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, Bill ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi anh ta b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a anh ta t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc r\u1edfm\u201d. Anh ta ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 coi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn. H\u1ecd ghi v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cGian l\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.\u201d Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc r\u1edfm, anh ta m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cN\u00f3 d\u1ec5, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng. T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt h\u01a1n 78% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf M\u0129 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 t\u1edbi 1990: 93% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean 10% v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 cao trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Khi th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 68% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00fac trung h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 32%. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 9% nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng robot hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t do kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf M\u0129. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p lan r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i kho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hay tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1eebng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u01a1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao h\u01a1n trong “Trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi” Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau n\u00e0y. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao l\u00e0 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang tri th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. V\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, n\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang tri th\u1ee9c. Suy tho\u00e1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Apple Computer v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong iPhone, iPad v.v. \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Exxon, c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda. Apple l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, to h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The global unemployment issue<\/p>\n

Last week there was an article about unemployment workers in the U.S in the local newspaper where a reporter interviewed some of them and it had some interesting facts:<\/p>\n

\u201cFrank lost his job at a software company since 2009 but today he is still out of work. He has attended many jobs fairs, sought help from job-search counselors and applied in many software companies. He explained: \u201cI really do not know what to do anymore, I had over 20 years of experiences but they told me that I do not have the skills that they need. Technology changes so fast and I cannot keep up\u201d. When asked about additional trainings to update his skills?\u201d He answered: \u201cI am 45 years old, my health is not good, I often have headache when I feel stress. I already have a degree so I do not want to go back to school.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCarol is a nicely dressed young woman, she told the reporter that she was laid-off during the financial crisis of 2008. She lived off her saving money for two years before it ran out. She spent many months looking for jobs in the financial area but now wants to go back to school to learn computer skills. She said: \u201cI should go back to school to learn new skill when got laid-off but I waited and hope that the financial job market will improve. It did not change and now all my saving money are gone. I lost a good opportunity to learn something that can help me get good job. Without any money I could not afford to go back to school now\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cJeff was a manager for a large manufacturing company. He lives in a large house with his wife, an elementary school teacher. Both of their children are students in nearby college. He lost his job in 2009 because the company outsourced most of the works to China. He has been looking for work since but found none. He said: \u201cIn this time of recession and high unemployment, it is impossible to find job especially for a high position management. As I look back, I did not see the outsourcing trend. I did not pay attention to globalization. I did not care about what happen in the world as I had a good job, good salary and good life. It is too late now. I wish that I would pay more attention to what happened and be prepared\u201d. Since he made a lot of money, he also spent most of it as they have three luxury cars and had long vacation in Europe every year. Now he is having problem financially as they did not have any saving money left. He is really worry because his wife\u2019s salary is not enough for both of them and the children. He said: \u201cWe may last until the end of the year, after that we do not know\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe job market looks even bleaker for Bill. Despite having a \u201cMaster degree\u201d and applying for \u201cmore jobs than I can remember\u201d, Bill had only one job as a salesman in a computer store for a short time before he was fired. His problem was that his degree came from a \u201cphony university\u201d. He complained: \u201cI paid a lot of money for it but the computer company considered me cheating. They put on my personal record: \u201cCheating with false degree\u201d and it is the barrier to getting any job now\u201d. When asked why would he enroll in a phony university? He smiled: \u201cIt was easy, all I need is to pay them and they gave me the degree. I thought nobody know\u201d.<\/p>\n

The newspaper reported that today less than 78% of people in the U.S have job. Between 1960s to 1990s: 93% of people have jobs. This change drive unemployment rate over 10% with many people have been out of work for more than a years. Traditionally, the lack of job has been high among the less educated workers but today even educated workers are also having difficulty in finding jobs due to the change in global economy. This is not unique in the U.S but also a global situation. When adding data from Europe and Asia, it found that 68% of people with less than high-school education could not find job today and probably getting worst in the future. Of those who finished high school but did not go to college, the unemployed is approximately 32% . Unemployment of college educated is about 9% but is likely to improve as the economic recovery continues. The data suggests that with globalization, a college education is essential to survive in this competitive world.<\/p>\n

The newspaper also cited that the main reason for the high unemployment throughout the world is most less-educated workers are working in construction or factories. However, many manufacturing works are now being automated with robots or outsourced to lower costs countries. Today and in the near future there will be much less demand for labor workers. The depreciation of the housing market due to the financial crisis in 2008 also halted many constructions in the U.S. With no more construction, many labor workers also have no works. Widespread unemployment has huge economic, fiscal and social costs as it reduces the country\u2019s economic potential. As fewer people have jobs, poverty becomes more entrenched and people without work could to turn to crime or involve in anti social activities. Broadly speaking, this is a common situation across the developed world, as unemployment rates are getting higher than several years ago. However, most economists are worrying that this could have devastating effect on developing countries. When developed countries stop consume and halt import manufactured products, developing countries that rely on manufacturing to export these products would be impacted. Some economists predicted that the effect will begin to take effect soon. With more closing of factories in China and higher unemployment in the \u201cManufacturing center of the world\u201d China may experience significant economic problems than anywhere else.<\/p>\n

For years, economists has warned about the integration factor in the global economy. The effect of one country could have significant effect on others because of this interdependency factor. The main reason of the high unemployment today is due to the structural changes in the foundation of the global economy that is transition from industrial to knowledge. It reduce the demand for less-skilled and less educated workers. Today productivity growth due to automation has enabled factories to produce more with fewer people. Technological advances require higher skills to survive so for the low-skilled, low demand it means lower wages, less opportunities. Since the U.S economy is very competitive, it adapts more technology for cost-cutting than any other countries so it changes more quickly than other countries but this is only the beginning as other European countries will also go through a similar situation when they transition from industrial to knowledge based economic. The recent recession in the U.S and Europe will have much greater impact on employment in Asia for the next few years.<\/p>\n

Today, the knowledge industry is exploding but it also experiences a critical shortage of skilled workers. For example, Apple Computer with its success in iPhone, iPad etc. is growing into the largest company in the world, bigger than Exxon, the oil company. Apple is the first company that worth in trillion dollars, not billion dollars anymore. Economists also believe that in the next few years, many high tech companies will grow larger, bigger and hire more skilled workers as they compete for the market. The question is where do they find the technology skilled workers?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2104"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2105,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions\/2105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}