{"id":2100,"date":"2013-07-05T10:14:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2100"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:14:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:14:03","slug":"ke-hoach-kiem-thu-mau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2100","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1eabu"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a em b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ti n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u em thay th\u1ebf anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong hai n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a em c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 em lo l\u1eafng v\u00ec em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay c\u1ea3 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1i g\u00ec? T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang t\u1edbi ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/b><\/li>\n
  2. Ai s\u1ebd \u1edf trong t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i? Ai \u0111ang s\u1eb5n c\u00f3? T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hay t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea h\u1ecd? B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed khi c\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 sau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
  3. K\u0129 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hay li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
  4. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra th\u00eam v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  5. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t? Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
  6. Bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay l\u00ean l\u1ecbch vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u00a0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
  7. Khi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u00a0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee9c cao l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 khi n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  8. T\u00f4i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Qui tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m tra l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o? D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng hay t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng s\u1ed5 k\u00ed s\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i? C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u00f5 cho b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  9. R\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i nh\u1ea5t? B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 theo k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hay th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    —-English version—-<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    A sample test plan<\/p>\n

    A tester wrote to me: \u201cMy test manager left the company so the owner asked me to replace him as test manager. I have worked as a tester for two years but never receive any formal training on how to create test plans for software project. My company has several new projects and I am worry because I do not know what to do. Please help\u201d.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Answer: As a test manager, you should work with the project manager as soon as the project starts. You must plan all tests at the beginning of the project even when requirements are still changing. You should develop a draft test plan then add more details when you know more about the project. Do not wait until everything is done then start the test plan because you may not have enough time. To make it easy for you, I develop several questions for you to answer to help you build your own test plan. You need to ask:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>What do I need to test? What function that I must test? and to what extent do I need to test them?” By answering these questions, you will have some ideas on what to do for the project.<\/b><\/li>\n
    2. Who will be on my test team? Who is available? How many testers do I need? Are they available or do I need to hire them? By answering these questions you know more about your testing team. If you do not have all testers when needed, it may impact your schedule later. If you do not have enough, you must hire additional testers and it takes time. It could be few weeks to few months after the project has started. It is important to get all the team members in as soon as possible.<\/li>\n
    3. What testing skills are needed for each functional area to be tested? Instead of rely on who are on your team, you must determine what skills the project needs, and from that information check to see if you have enough tester with the right skills or whether you need to add more people with the right skills to your team.<\/li>\n
    4. What is the environment that I can test? Do not assume that the test environment is the same as the development environment. Sometimes customers may have different environment, different platforms, different infrastructure set up. You must find out more about the test environment that your team will test the software. It may takes time to set up if the current environment is not adequate for the project.<\/li>\n
    5. What data do I need for testing? Do I need a sampling of data from users? Who can I talk to get a sampling of production data? Sometimes getting test data is more difficult than you think.<\/li>\n
    6. How much data is enough? Do I need a lot of data? Planning for the amount of data is often ignored but if you do not know the accurate number than you cannot assign the right number of testers or schedule your testing accurately. Plan carefully.<\/li>\n
    7. When can I start testing? What is the current project schedule? Since project schedule often changes, you need to coordinate with project manager to make sure that your test schedules is integrated with the project schedule. A high-level estimate is fine as long as you have some ideas when to get your testing start.<\/li>\n
    8. How do I report defects? What is the process to report and verify defects? Does the project have defect tracking tools or should I use defect log book? Does your company have a well-established process for reporting, tracking and checking defects? If you do not have a process then you need to build one.<\/li>\n
    9. What are risks of this project? What areas may have the most risk? You must coordinate with project manager about project risks then identify any testing risks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      By answer these questions, you already have enough information to build your own test plan. Of course, depend on the size and complexity of the project that you may need to add more things or information in your test plan. Good luck and congratulation on your promotion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a em b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ti n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u em thay th\u1ebf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2101,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2100\/revisions\/2101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}