{"id":2084,"date":"2013-07-05T10:04:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2084"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:04:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:04:56","slug":"day-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2084","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00ec m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. Theo kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc sinh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o trong d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u0129, Nh\u1eadt, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Scandinavia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea9y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf. H\u1ecd t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1ebb em tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i ra v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qua ti vi, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 sau. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tr\u1ebb l\u1edbp n\u0103m gi\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0m tranh lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u “t\u1ea1i sao” h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (\u0111\u00fang hay sai) th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Thay v\u00ec cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh logic v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a M\u0129 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay “tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp”, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh”, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1”. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb ch\u00fang. “H\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ki\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1” n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129 ra, th\u1ef1c thi, v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi v\u00e0i c\u00e1i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. \u201cH\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh\u201d n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng “l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf” h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u “c\u00e1i g\u00ec” v\u00e0 “th\u1ebf n\u00e0o” c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc. \u201cKh\u00e1m ph\u00e1\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (c\u00e1i g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o) cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o l\u1eabn nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01a1i ra v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 duy ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching science<\/p>\n

We are living in a globalized world where technology enables the movement of products and services everywhere. It also changes every country\u2019s economy as it also coordinate the movement of jobs from one country to another. Not long ago, people migrate to where the jobs are, today jobs are migrating to where skilled workers live. According to several studies, there are more jobs available as technology requires more skilled workers for society. As some jobs grow, others will disappear as machines can take over manual labor jobs. To survive, people must acquire certain skills in order to retain their job. In the next few years, more skilled jobs will be needed but fewer manual jobs will be available because these jobs will get automated by machines.<\/p>\n

To take advantage of the growing technology needs, science education is important. Today, many countries are focusing on training of science in college, but that is too late. According to the latest U.S government study, to promote science education and to prepare students for the globalized world, science education must begin earlier before students reach college. A review of this study identifies some issues involved in teaching students about how technology influences our world today and in the near future.<\/p>\n

The study looks at science education in twenty developed countries and found that current education systems do not allow enough time for teaching science in both high school and elementary school. In most European countries, less than ten percent of classroom time was devoted to scientific activities. The U.S, Japan, S. Korea and countries in the Scandinavia did better with seventeen percent. The study concluded that to prepare for the knowledge society, students need to spend twenty to twenty five percent of their study on science activities.<\/p>\n

Although some people consider elementary school is too early to start learning about science, but the study has found that younger students at that age are developmentally ready to understand basic scientific concepts. They are more curious and have higher imagination and should be encouraged to learn more about science. Today younger children are exposed to technology with TV, computers, mobile phones and they have some ideas about the way technology works. If encouraged enough, they could excel in science later. A Japanese study has found that there is a strong correlation between number of elementary science classes and number of scientists that they developed in college. In cities that have more science exposures, there are more students study science than others. The study went further to interview fifty of their top scientists and they all confirmed that their interests in science started earlier, during elementary school.<\/p>\n

Beyond what children already know, researchers have identified few other factors that affect the development of scientific thinking. First of all, the science subject often dictates students’ success in the classroom. For example, fifth-graders are much better at understanding physical concepts than they are at social reasoning. Additionally, students are more successful at completing tasks where they have to identify a cause, rather than produce a particular outcome.<\/p>\n

Because scientific process is complicated, there are many approaches to teaching science. For example, the teacher may asked a question but there are several ways to answer it. The traditional way focuses on correct or incorrect answer. The modern way focuses on understand \u201cWhy\u201d students answer that way. Instead of focus on the answer (Right or wrong) the teacher would focus on how students go through a thinking process to make their answers. Instead of give the answer, teacher challenges students to figure out what happened and allows them to use logic and scientific process to come up with the answer. The study concluded that because of the modern teaching method, U.S education fosters more innovations and scientists than other countries.<\/p>\n

There are three types of science instructions: The traditional or “direct” method, the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method, and the “Discovery” method. The traditional method is where the teacher explains an experiment and its results, then students must memorized them. The \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d is where the teacher raises a question, the students must perform an experiment with guidance from the teacher to explain the results. The best and most challenging is the \u201cDiscovery\u201d method where students devise, execute, and interpret their own experiments, often with few inputs from teacher. This is the most effective way in foster creativity but it is limited only to few selected students.<\/p>\n

According to the government study: The traditional method where teachers do most of the teaching is the most effective way to help elementary students to learn about science. These\u00a0 young students receive direct instruction and they are better at remembering results and formulas. The \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d where teachers play a supporting roles is effective in high school and college where students learned by \u201cactually doing\u201d than just memorization so they understand the \u201cwhat\u201d and the \u201chow\u201d of scientific process. The \u201cDiscovery\u201d is best suit for students in graduated schools which focuses more on the cause and effects (What, Why, How, Where and When) so they can conduct scientific research.<\/p>\n

Of course, no method is perfect and neither researchers nor educators have agreed on what works best. What is obvious is that children\u2019s development and their current understanding of the world around them is important. Given enough exposure and guidance, it is possible to develop more scientists by starting the teaching of science earlier. In this fast changing technology world, every country need more forward-thinking, scientifically minded population in the future, and elementary school is the place to start.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2085,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2084\/revisions\/2085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}