{"id":2080,"date":"2013-07-05T10:02:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2080"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:02:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:02:48","slug":"loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien-khoa-hoc-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2080","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, em b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi v\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n em b\u1ea3o em r\u1eb1ng em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc PHP v\u00e0 Java. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng em ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y Java. Em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Em c\u00f3 n\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi “n\u00f3ng” kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1edbi r\u1ed3i \u0111i, \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u00fat \u00edt nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1eebng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 C++ hay Java b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ed3i, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0m hay th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v.v. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, mau l\u1eb9 agile, xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c v.v. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, scrum, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh song song v.v.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n C hay C++ v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Web y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Java, C# v\u00e0 Dot.Net. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Python, Ruby, Ajax, PHP, JS, CSS (n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch ch\u1ecdc ngo\u00e1y) nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft C++ hay Java th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, xin nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 “vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 an ninh” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a an ninh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ed3i l\u1ec7nh SQL. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh th\u00eam n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch, t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m hay b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Java, C#, Dot.Net v\u00e0 JavaScript. Ng\u00e0y nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ruby v\u00e0 Python \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf PHP cho web. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 iOS, Java, Objective C cho Apple v\u00e0 Java v\u00e0 JavaScript cho Android. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Web 2.0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong\u00a0Adobe Flex, JavaScript, Adobe Flash, AJAX v\u00e0 JavaScript Object Notation.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, xin h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m” nh\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hay hai m\u00f4n doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef (\u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh), tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tin r\u1eb1ng “M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea1nh tranh, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 m\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 hay th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Advice to Computer Science student<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cAs a first year student in computer science, I am confused by several programming languages. My friends told me that I should learn PHP and Java. My school only teaches Java. What language should I learn now? Should I take additional special trainings for other languages? Please advise.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: I have answered this question many times before. Please read previous answers since each year, I often receive several questions about programming languages. The fact that certain languages are currently \u201cHot\u201d should not influence your long term learning goals. Languages come and go, some stay a little longer but eventually they will be replaced as technology changes. Do not confuse programming languages with the fundamental concepts that you are learning in school now. They are the foundation where you will build your career on.<\/p>\n

As first year computer science student, you will learn programming languages such as C++ or Java because they are popular now. Once you learn one language, it is very easy to learn another and you do not need special trainings. As a college student, you will be taught the fundamental concepts of programming such as object oriented, functional, or procedural, etc. You must understand certain concepts, patterns, data structures, and logic as they will give you a strong foundation to work with any future languages. You need to know about development life cycles such as waterfall, agile, spiral etc. You also need to know about certain development approaches such as structure, scrum, extreme programming, parallel programming etc.<\/p>\n

I believe students need to know the basic language of C or C++ as it is the fundamental. It will help you to know more about relationship between hardware and software such as memory utilization etc. Today, many applications in the Web environment requires Java, C# and Dot.Net. There are several newer languages such as Python, Ruby, Ajax, PHP, JS, CSS (If you like to hack) but if you already know C++ or Java then you can learn these languages in about few weeks.<\/p>\n

To be a better programmer, please remember that it is not about how many language that you know but how do you write your code. You must learn about \u201csecure coding\u201d by put security first when write code. If you are using a database, learn how to avoid SQL injection. If you’re accepting user input, learn how to avoid buffer overruns. Since nobody work alone anymore, you must develop how to write clean and maintainable code. Make sure that you have comment, name variables well so other can understand your logic when they review or maintain your code.<\/p>\n

If you like to work in the web development environment, you need to know Java, C#, Dot.Net and JavaScript well. Today it seems like Ruby and Python are replacing PHP for the web. If you like mobile platform environment, make sure that you learn about iOS, Java, Objective C for Apple and Java and JavaScript for Android. Another hot area is Web 2.0 that requires skills in\u00a0Adobe Flex, JavaScript, Adobe Flash, AJAX and JavaScript Object Notation.<\/p>\n

Beside technical skills, please focus on \u201csoft-skills\u201d such as listening, communication, teamwork, collaboration, and if possible take one or two additional business courses. Today most companies will seek computer graduates who understand the business and can discuss, communicate technical things to business people and customers. Many global companies also require at least one foreign language (prefer English), knowledge of finance, leadership skills and certain knowledge about globalization. Many computer science students believe that \u201cComputer is all about technical skills, it is NOT\u201d. To build a career in this field, you need more than just technical. You must communicate well in both orally and in writing. In this globalized world, you need certain skills that can help you to compete, to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions. You must learn much more than programming languages to survive because we are no longer in the 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century but in the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century or the knowledge age, where broader knowledge and deeper skills are needed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, em b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi v\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2081,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions\/2081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}