{"id":2078,"date":"2013-07-05T10:01:34","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2078"},"modified":"2013-07-05T10:01:34","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T03:01:34","slug":"co-hoi-thach-thuc-va-giau-len","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2078","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c? L\u00e0m sao thanh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 “b\u00e0n tay tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean nhanh th\u1ebf? L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y t\u1ea1o ra danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa do T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Forbes c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti Hurun \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi “b\u00e0n tay tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” nh\u01b0ng “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng”. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cLu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v.v. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 John Rockefeller (d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3), Andrew Carnegie (th\u00e9p), Leland Stanford (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft), James Duke (thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1) J.P Morgan (t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu) v\u00e0 John Astor (nh\u00e0). Khi ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c, nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Carlos Slim (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng), Bill Gates (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), Larry Ellison (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), Mark Zuckerberg (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), Steve Jobs (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 Sergey Brin (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) v.v.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao Bill Gates l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Windows th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho \u00f4ng Gates r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng Windows \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho \u00f4ng Gates. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao Mark Zuckerberg l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Facebook. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 4 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng Facebook v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m nay, Mark Zuckerberg c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u00f4ng Gates v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y. Ti vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u00f3. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 kinh doanh chi ph\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi kinh doanh. IBM, c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang cung c\u1ea5p “d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m”. Digital Equipment, c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft kinh doanh. HP, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1 Wall gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng trong kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u0111ang trong kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1edbi c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0? B\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec1m\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c \u00e9p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i mua phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt qua th\u1eddi gian. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng MS DOS, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng Window 2000, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt sang Window 7 v\u00e0 n\u0103m sau, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt sang Window 8. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao Microsoft l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Bill Gates l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u201cchi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb. C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u hay hay h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n sao v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “th\u1ef1c” y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t CD ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1ed1n \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u1ebfu chuy\u1ec3n giao qua Internet \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 t\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i xu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a “d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5i” v\u00e0 “chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p” \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh sinh l\u1eddi cao v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kinh doanh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hay trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, laptop v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi “tay tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” nh\u01b0ng “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng”, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Ng\u00e0y nay, M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Bill Gates, Marc Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs m\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u1edf M\u0129. Trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, 78% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi 25 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 19 tu\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 Robin Chan (XPD), Zafka Zhang (Youthology), Jian Wang (Kijiji), Si Shen (Papaya). \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 Sasikanth Chelamudi (Habits), Rama Gaddipati (Bridle), Vikas Kedia (Mobiletrail) v\u00e0 Atul Khekade (innovationtrips). Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ea1nh trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 “n\u00f3ng” trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. C\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i kinh doanh. Ng\u00e0y nay, Microsoft l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi Google. Google b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u1edfi Facebook. Sang n\u0103m, ai bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 Facebook n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Opprtunities, challenges and getting rich<\/p>\n

A reader wrote to me: \u201cWhy so many people are getting rich in software but not hardware or something else? How could young people who have nothing, just \u201cempty hand\u201d can get rich so quick? How do you create the billionaire list? Please explain.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: The list of billionaires is published by Forbes Magazine and Hurun company in China who did the study. Both investigated assets of rich people and published the list for many years. The young billionaires may start with \u201cempty hands\u201d but their \u201cminds are not empty\u201d. They are full of good ideas based on their passions for technology.<\/p>\n

Throughout history, people are getting rich based on social demands at that time. Economist called it: \u201cThe law of supply and demand\u201d. During the industrial age, society needs factories that use equipments run on oil. Countries build offices and transportation systems, people need banking and finance etc. The millionaires and billionaires at that time were people who know about these needs and seized the opportunities such as John Rockefeller (Oil), Andrew Carnegie (Steel), Leland Stanford (Railroad), James Duke (Tobacco) J.P Morgan (Finance, Stock market) and John Astor (Housing). As we are moving into the knowledge age, society demands are shifted to technology and we have millionaires and billionaires who know about these needs and seize the opportunities such as Carlos Slim (Mobile phone), Bill Gates (Software), Larry Ellison (Software),), Mark Zuckerberg (Software), Steve Jobs (Hardware) and Sergey Brin (Software) etc.<\/p>\n

Do you want to know why Bill Gates is a billionaire? Look at your personal computer and determine what kind of software it operates from. If it is Window then you already paid money to Mr. Gates. Today most computers in the world are using Window that means a lot of people already paid money to Mr. Gates. Do you want to know why Mark Zuckerberg is a billionaire? Today almost half of people on earth already have a Facebook account. That means over 4 billion people are using Facebook and as the number of users is increasing each day. The prediction is by the end of this year, Mark Zuckerberg could bypass Mr. Gates and become the youngest and richest person on earth.<\/p>\n

Today many things are automated by software, from airplanes to mobile phones, from stock markets to factories. Your TV has a lot of software in it. Your video games are written in software. Your mobile phone has hundred thousand lines of software codes in it. If you using these things, you are paying for software, directly or indirectly. That is why software is the business that dominates our society and people who know how to capture this opportunity made a lot of money.<\/p>\n

Today, hardware companies either have to change their business or go out of business. IBM, the largest computer company in the world has switched into providing \u201csoftware services\u201d. Digital Equipment, the second largest computer company was out of business. HP, the largest hardware company is also moving into \u201cSoftware as a service\u201d. A Wall Street stock broker explains: \u201cIf your company is not in software business, we are not invest in you. If you are in software business, you do not need to call us because we will come to your door\u201d.<\/p>\n

Why software business is so attractive to investors? The secret is \u201cIt is soft\u201d which means it can be changed quickly. Since technology changes very fast, software is the only thing that can change and keeps pace with technology. You cannot change hardware but software can be updated every day. Since software is easy to change, software companies know how to take advantage of this. If they change few lines of code then they have a new software product. That is why companies continue to update, add, change, modify their software and create pressure for customers who depend on them have to buy newer versions. If you look closely in software business, you will notice that software companies do not make money by selling the product but make money by maintenance and update over time. When a company installs and uses a software, they have to pay more to keep it updated else it will not work. If you use MS DOS, your computer does not work anymore. If you use Window 2000, you must update to Window 7 and next year, you must pay to update to Window 8. Imagine that each year, every computers must update their software. That is why Microsoft is the largest software company and Bill Gates is the richest technology billionaire.<\/p>\n

Another secret of software is \u201clow production cost\u201d. Software may requires a lot of efforts to design and build but once it completed, it is very cheap to made. Software company can copy it into thousands, million or billion copies and sell it throughout the world. The \u201creal\u201d software product requires minimum cost. a CD for example, costs less than a dollar and sell for hundred or thousand dollars. If delivery over the Internet for download, it costs only a few cents. That is why the combination of \u201ceasy to change\u201d and \u201clow production cost\u201d have made software company highly profitable and attract so many investors into this business.<\/p>\n

Create a software company is also relatively easy. You do not need a lot of money to start. There is no requirements for factory, machinery or equipments but a few personal computers, laptops and a passion for technology. That is why \u201cempty hands\u201d but \u201cFull of ideas minds\u201d people, many are college students, have become millionaires and billionaires in a short time. Today, the U.S is not the only country that has young billionaires like Bill Gates, Marc Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs but India and China now have more \u201cSoftware\u201d millionaires than any country in the world. The interesting fact is it seems that these millionaires are much younger than their counterparts in the U.S. Among the list of \u201cSoftware\u201d millionaires in China and India, 78% of them are under the age of 25. Some are only 19 years old. You may not know them yet but in few more years, they will be well known. In China, there are Robin Chan (XPD), Zafka Zhang (Youthology), Jian Wang (Kijiji), Si Shen (Papaya). In India, there are Sasikanth Chelamudi (Habits), Rama Gaddipati (Bridle), Vikas Kedia (Mobiletrail) and Atul Khekade (innovationtrips). These millionaires represent the younger generation, who are very familiar with technology. They understand the society needs than most people from the older generation. They are willing to take risks, they are not afraid of failures, they think of things that older generation consider impossible and they make it happens.<\/p>\n

Since technology changes fast, it puts a lot of pressures on software companies. The rapid change means that it is difficult for anyone or any company to maintain a strong position in this industry. The technologies that are \u201chot\u201d few years ago are no longer useful anymore and have to be replaced. People who cling to those technologies will realize that their skills are obsolete. Company that does not change with newer technology will be out of business. Today, Microsoft is the largest but it is seriously threaten by Google. Google is now threaten by Facebook. Next year, who know that there may be \u00a0another who can threaten Facebook too. May be it is your company?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c? L\u00e0m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2078"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2079,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078\/revisions\/2079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}