{"id":2065,"date":"2013-07-05T09:52:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T02:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2065"},"modified":"2013-07-05T09:52:32","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T02:52:32","slug":"hoc-lap-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2065","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng em kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n. C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc “ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef” nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh hay ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi b\u1ea1n du h\u00e0nh, hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng website hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00fang, hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i l\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m logic c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 sang m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cCode Complete\u201d c\u1ee7a Steve Mc Connell. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch h\u1ecdc “l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft” hay “th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e3 t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u \u201cBrute-force\u201d (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n), kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Xin nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau “th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt”, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n, k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning programming<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI like technology and want to pursue a degree in computer science but I am not very good in mathematics. Is it necessary to know math well to do programming? Is it possible to be a programmer without math?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: It is not necessary to be very good in math in order to be a programmer. In my opinion, programming is like to learn a \u201cforeign language\u201d such as English or French. You can learn to speak just enough to talk to people when you travel, or you can learn it so well in order for you to give a speech eloquently. The same thing also applies in programming. If you just want to build websites or program information technology applications, basic math is good enough. If you want to write code for computer games, embedded applications, or sophisticated software then you do need more mathematics skills.<\/p>\n

Just like foreign language, programming is a skill that requires practice. The more you do that, the better you become. The best way to learn programming is to start to write something simple then learn from the mistakes that you made. You go from easy then to more difficult, each time you learn something new and in few weeks, you can program. You must know basic logic concepts and language syntax to start. It is not as difficult as you think. The main idea is practice and do not afraid of making mistake.<\/p>\n

Once you have the basic skills then start reading some programming books so you can advance yourself to the next level. My favorite book is \u201cCode Complete\u201d by Steve Mc Connell. It is easy to read, very practical, and has many useful tips. I highly recommend you to read more programming books so you can build your knowledge in depth and be a better programmer. Many students like to learn \u201cShort cut\u201d or \u201ctricks\u201d just to make the program works. This is not a good way to learn programming. I have seen many not well designed code that use \u201cBrute-force\u201d, not easy to fix, not easy to maintain because programmers do not have enough theoretical foundation to build their knowledge and turn that into skills. Please remember that language is only a tool. What made a person a good programmer is not how many language he knows, how many \u201ctricks\u201d he know, but how well he understands the concept so he can apply it to his work.<\/p>\n

Another better way of learning programming is to work with people who are better than you. In school or in work place, there are many people who could help you, guide you, tutoring you in programming languages. An experienced person can teach you not only the basics, but the in-depth knowledge in few months that other may take years to learn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng em kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2066,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065\/revisions\/2066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}