{"id":2050,"date":"2013-07-04T16:04:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T09:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2050"},"modified":"2013-07-04T16:04:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T09:04:56","slug":"nhu-cau-ve-viec-lam-cntt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2050","title":{"rendered":"Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u01a1i “d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 23% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008 t\u1edbi 2010 cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf. C\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng CNTT l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Money nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n “k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 “Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129.” V\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c trong danh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi CNTT. Trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $95,500 t\u1edbi $125,000 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay.”<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf\u00a0 M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. L\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi $18,000 n\u0103m 2011. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 $14,000, v\u00e0 \u1edf Ghana, Nam Phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 $12,000. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng do nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u01b0ng theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed cho h\u1ecd, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u0129. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Google, Facebook, Twitter, v\u00e0 Microsoft \u0111ang n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111em nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o M\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf M\u0129 lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1edd New York Times quan s\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c cho M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p th\u1ebf v\u00ec \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. T\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1eb1ng M\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u0129, r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. M\u0129 c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi trong lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa m\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao \u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong M\u0129. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f3: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng sai r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m” nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao. G\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1edbp c\u00f9ng nhau. Trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The demand for IT jobs<\/p>\n

According to a new global study, the demand for information technology (IT) professionals are rising faster than expected. The explosion of information technology in global business where the \u201cvalue chain\u201d is connected from customers to manufactures and suppliers and recently the mobile applications market have added more demands to the already shortage of workers.<\/p>\n

Within the United States, employment in the IT sector have increased 23% from 2008 to 2010 even with the economic recession. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that IT is the field with the greatest potential for growth in the next ten years. Money Magazine identified “software engineer” at the top of their listings of the “Best Jobs in America.” And among the top ten jobs, seven on the listing was all IT related jobs. In describing these jobs, the magazine editor wrote: \u201cThe high demand and strong growth prospective with the entry level salary of $95,500 to $125,000 put it at the top of the list as the best and most rewarding career today.<\/p>\n

The shortage of IT skilled workers is not only happening in the U.S or Europe but also in Asia. Both India and China also reported that the global needs have created an unprecedented rising in salary in their countries. The annual entry level salary of a software developer in India has risen to $18,000 in 2011. InChina it is $14,000, and in Ghana, South Africa and other countries in Africa it is $12,000. The trends continue to increase fast due to high demand but according to several studies, software developers generate more value for their companies than they cost, even at the high salaries such as in the United States. The top software companies like Google, Facebook, Twitter, and Microsoft are aggressively hiring more IT workers in India, China, Africa and wherever they can find them and bring them to the U.S to work.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, many people in the U.S worried that IT outsourcing trends would allow computing jobs to move oversea, just like manufacturing jobs. Last month, the New York Times observed that the real threat to the U.S. is not about IT outsourcing but the lack of qualified IT workers here. The fact is that the demand is so high but the supply is so low since few students are getting into the field. The newspaper wrote: \u201cIf we do not start getting more students to study in this sector and generating the necessary work force, we will lost a huge opportunity to rebuild America.\u201d<\/p>\n

The high demand for IT skilled workers has created a need to change the immigration law. Last month, President Obama told the newspapers that the U.S is a country of pioneers and immigrants where they create\u00a0their own destiny here. He does not see any reason to have they come here, being educated in U.S school systems, then force them to go back. The U.S needs their skills here and want them to stay here. It signals a coming change in immigration laws that will open door for highly educated people to stay legally in the U.S. Among the top skills to be considered: Information technology and Biotechnology.<\/p>\n

Contradict to many false belief that computing professionals are people who work alone in front of the computer days and nights. In today\u2019s world, building software requires the coordinated efforts of many people with a wide variety of skills. Designing a successful product requires effective communication not only among the members of the development team but also with users, customers. Beside technical skills, companies also require \u201cSoft-skills\u201d such as communication skills, listening skills and presentation skills as an essential requirement for success in the field.<\/p>\n

Software development is also a highly creative activity. Putting together a software system means thinking creatively about the design, finding solutions to problems, discovering the best practices, and maintaining a vision of how all the parts fit together. While the demand is high, students and IT workers must continue to learn as the technology is also changing fast. To do that, it is important that students must obtain a strong educational foundation (A college education is needed) and have a lifelong study habit so they can keeping their skills up to date throughout their careers.<\/p>\n

Globalization will continue to change the balance of power among nations but career opportunities in Information Technology are expected to remain very strong as technology is the critical parts of a globally competitive market.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2050"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2051,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2050\/revisions\/2051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}