{"id":2048,"date":"2013-07-04T16:03:34","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T09:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2048"},"modified":"2013-07-04T16:03:34","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T09:03:34","slug":"say-me-lam-viec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2048","title":{"rendered":"Say m\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, Italy c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 42 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi 37 ng\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi 35 ng\u00e0y, Brazil v\u1edbi 34 ng\u00e0y, Anh v\u1edbi 28 ng\u00e0y, Canada v\u1edbi 26 ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 25 ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi 89% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. 75% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. 70% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Indonesia c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede M\u0129 ch\u1ec9 57% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ti cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 57% l\u1ea5y k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n: Trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 d\u00e0nh qu\u00e3ng 9.5 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 8 gi\u1edd. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 60 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho 40 gi\u1edd. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m th\u00eam (ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd) cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u1edd n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 40 gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd n\u1ed9p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f2i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i th\u00eam n\u1eefa. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb $95,000 t\u1edbi $145,000 \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. M\u0129 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1ea5y k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 th\u00e0nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa t\u1ed1t. \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u1edf M\u0129 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c (tr\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a M\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 do “\u0111am m\u00ea” v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 10 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9.\u201d C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn lao, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn lao. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn lao. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Workaholic<\/p>\n

There is an interesting study about the working habit of people around the world. Among them, American is listed as the most overworked people on earth. The study started with the number of annual vacation days and found that European gets about three times more vacation days than American. Among them, Italy has the most vacation days, with most workers getting 42 paid vacation days a year. Next is France with 37 days, Germany with 35 days, Brazil with 34 days, the United Kingdom has 28 days, Canada with 26 days, and Korea and Japan both have 25 days. However, American workers only getting 13 vacation days per year.<\/p>\n

The study went further by measuring the percentage of vacation days that were used up by people. The French is number one with 89% of workers used up all their vacations days. 75% of German workers used up their vacation days. 70% of workers in Japan, Korea and Indonesia workers also used up their vacation days. In the U.S. only 57% of workers used up their vacations, which means many of them still work even they could go on paid vacation. Research scientists who conducted the study commented: Even when companies give workers only 13 days paid vacation each years, only 57% took them. Nobody know why the Americans are working so hard and why they did not take vacation?<\/p>\n

The study went further into more details and the data was more surprising: On the average, American workers spend about 9.5 hours a day at work, although the official working hour is only 8 hours. Among the hardest working people are people who work in the high technology sector. The average working hours of software workers is 60 hours per week even they only get paid for 40 hours. Government requires company to pay extra (Overtime) for any hour exceeds the required 40 hours but most software people never file claims to get this extra pay. Most told the people who conduct the study that they were too busy for that. Many said that they really enjoy their works, they are passionate about their professions and since they were paid good salary, they did not see the need to ask for more. (Note: Software developers in the U.S make between $95,000 to $145,000 dollars per year.)<\/p>\n

The U.S government claims that this working attitude makes the American economy the best in the world as it has the highest productivity among workers. America has a dynamic system that continue to builds things at high speed and can change very quickly to adapt to market demands. This working attitude has created the industrial revolution, the manufacturing systems that create many great products, the information revolution, Silicon Valley, biotechnology, nanotechnology and many more.<\/p>\n

However, researchers cautioned that it was not clear that these overworking people who refused to take vacation was what make U.S’s economy great. They argued that U.S economic has been fueled by more capitals, more investments, better education, strong innovation and good immigration laws that allow best workers to enter and work. Some scientists believe that working harder is more harmful as the number of health problems in the U.S is much higher than other countries (Except Japan).<\/p>\n

One of the main motivations of why U.S high tech workers work so hard is the \u201cpassion\u201d for their profession. One developer said: \u201cI have spent the last 10 years working and I enjoy every minute of it so I do not need vacation.\u201d Another workers said: \u201cIt is great to discover something, it is great to create something. It is great to solve problem. Software is about creation which is mentally rewarding and enjoying. It is better than anything else\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2048"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2049,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2048\/revisions\/2049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}