{"id":2040,"date":"2013-07-04T15:59:40","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2040"},"modified":"2013-07-04T15:59:40","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:59:40","slug":"hoc-ki-nghe-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2040","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTrong b\u00e0i \u201cNhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT\u201d th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Em c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Sau khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed CNN Money Magazine \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ra \u201cK\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u1edf M\u0129. \u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thu l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v.v.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. C\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean web, t\u00ecm b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng to\u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Google, v.v., th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n (C, C++, Java \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u), \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p Supply Chain Management (SCM) hay Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Customer Relation Management (CRM) hay cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y th\u00ec xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00eam trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ISM (Information Systems Management) m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u00edt v\u00e0o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Study Software Engineering<\/p>\n

A reader wrote to me: \u201cIn the article \u201cThe demand for IT jobs\u201d you wrote that software engineering is the number one job, has very good salary, and is in high demand all over the world. What do I need to become a successful software engineer? Please advise.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: After review all jobs in the market for college students, CNN Money Magazine selected \u201cSoftware Engineering\u201d as the number one job in the U.S. In order to\u00a0obtain this position, you need a college degree. It is important to understand that software engineering is not the same as programming. Every software engineer knows how to program, but not every programmer is a software engineer. The difference is that software engineering is trained in teamwork effort, with roles and responsibilities defined for each team members. Programming is mainly an individual effort to write code according to specific instructions. A programmer may work in a team but he is not trained to do any other roles as his job is just write code. A software engineer receives training in managing project, working with customers, obtaining requirements, develop project schedule, planning release dates, interact between team members responsible for various components, negotiate budget, efforts, project scope, resources, measure project performance and more. By having a broader knowledge, software engineer can advance in the career to different specialized areas such as requirements engineering, business analysis, project management, system architecture, software designer etc.<\/p>\n

To succeed in software engineering you must start with programming. Contradict to a belief that programming is difficult, it is not. Many people can learn a programming in about few weeks. Of course to be better programmer, they need practice. The more practices the better. If you have not yet learned programming, you can go to the web, find a tutorial then learn how to program. It is easier than you think. To understand the coding logic and structure, you need certain math skills. Not a lot of complex math but basic math such as arithmetic, calculus is sufficient to start.<\/p>\n

There are many specialized field in software engineering so you can focus on what you want to do: If you like computer game and want to work in that industry as a game designer, you need to learn more about embedded software. If you want to work for software companies such as IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Google, etc., then you need to learn more programming languages (C, C++, Java to start), web applications and platforms. If you are looking to work in a business area, building business applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) or Customer Relation Management (CRM) or provide services such as Cloud Computing than consider taking additional class in Finance, Business and accounting. You may choose to enroll in a degree in ISM (Information Systems Management) which already has many business courses. This degree focuses more on management and business skills and less on technical.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTrong b\u00e0i \u201cNhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT\u201d th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2041,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions\/2041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}