{"id":2036,"date":"2013-07-04T15:57:15","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2036"},"modified":"2013-07-04T15:57:15","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:57:15","slug":"viec-lam-ki-thuat-va-viec-lam-quan-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2036","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn lao l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i” ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u00e9m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00ec danh ti\u1ebfng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c hay s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd coi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Kh\u00f4ng may, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau. M\u00e3i v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d V\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cL\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i, v\u1ee3, con t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n? V\u1edbi t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd “m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t” v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti r\u1eb1ng \u201cB\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t.\u201d L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eed vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. C\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 sau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf “th\u1eed vi\u1ec7c”, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd y\u00eau ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ai \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u00edch vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng ti hay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra ngh\u0129a logic n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng danh ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1ecd th\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1edd cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng hay cay \u0111\u1eafng; h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e3y ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c th\u00edch b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Technical job and management job<\/p>\n

Many companies promote good developers into managers. However, not every good developers should go into management. Sometime it would be better for them to stay in the technical areas. I have seen many \u201cGood developers\u201d, who did great works became \u201cBad managers\u201d who did poorly and frustrated on their jobs. Many of them told me that they went into management for the prestige, the money, or pressure from their bosses.<\/p>\n

The fact is most of them are very good in technical areas. They love their works, they get along with everybody, they are respected by their team members. When company owner asked them to manage a project, they considered it as a challenge and accepted without thinking seriously. Unfortunately, many of them were not prepared for the task of a project manager. Some received a week of training, some did not. Most had no idea that technical works and management works are not the same. It is not until several months later when they realized that they may have made a mistake then it was too late. Many told me: \u201cI do not know what to do. If I go back to technical works then it seems like I have failed. It would be a demotion, if I do that, I lost all respects of others.\u201d Since salary of manager is also higher than technical people, many do not want to make less than what they could. They said: \u201cHow could I told my family, my wife, my children that I want to make less money? To them management represents success, prestige and financial rewards and by not doing that, it would be a disaster, I would lose their respects and losing face.\u201d That is why many of them \u201cstuck\u201d in jobs that they do not enjoy.<\/p>\n

This is a dilemma in software industry. I often told company owners that \u201cBy not carefully select the right person, by not preparing these people for the new job, by not having a good promotion process, the company is losing the best technical person but gaining the worst manager.\u201d My recommendation is no one should get promoted to manager until they do the job for awhile on a trial basis. They should be selected, given appropriated training, and put to work under the supervising of an experienced managers where they can learn for at least six months as a manager. Company can make decision later upon the evaluation of their performance whether they are the right candidates or not.<\/p>\n

Today company owner often selects best developers who do well in software projects for management positions. They assume these people would also do well as they did in the past. Without a \u201ctrial\u201d basis, many turn out badly. These are the best technical people who continue to learn new technologies because they love software. By selecting someone who loves to write software into a position where they will not write any code but spend most of their time in company meetings or to solve personal conflicts among developers does not make any logical sense.<\/p>\n

Not all developers want to be managers. Some have to because of the promotion, the prestige, and the better salary. So to keep them doing what they do best, the answer is to promote them into technical leaders with the same prestige, same salary as project managers but allow them to stay in the technical area. There are developers who have management skills and the desire to be managers. They would love to have the opportunities but do not assume all developers are like that.<\/p>\n

If you find yourself in management but wish to stay in technical, do not wait until you are completely frustrated or bitter; Let you manager know and be honest with them about your situation. Get back into the technical area where you can be more productive, more happy, and provide more value to the company. If your company does not agree with you, there are other companies who love to have you working for them.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2036"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2037,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2036\/revisions\/2037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}