{"id":2015,"date":"2013-07-04T15:40:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2015"},"modified":"2013-07-04T15:40:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:40:42","slug":"tri-thuc-va-ki-nang-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2015","title":{"rendered":"Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i do to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ng\u00e0y nay doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00ec “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng”. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u d\u00f9ng internet v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea3o”. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti mong \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1eddng sa th\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t hay ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i?” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cKhi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi cao, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o M\u0129 t\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng minh hay IQ. H\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd tr\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n. T\u1eebng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n v\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong c\u00e1ch to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m thi hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Y2K. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o ra. N\u0103m 1999, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 70,000 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c “y\u00eau c\u1ea7u” c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng 500,000 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 “\u00e1c m\u1ed9ng” v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 70% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Infosys, Tata Consulting Services hay HCL Technologies, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ba t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Infosys t\u1ed1n h\u01a1n $6,000 cho m\u1ed7i sinh vi\u00ean. C\u00f4ng ti chi $120 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Mysore s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n 300 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean khoa d\u1ea1y to\u00e0n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 13,500 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Tata Consulting qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed 10 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong to\u00e0n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 30,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u1edbi ba tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ecdi l\u00fac c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong n\u0103m 1990 t\u1edbi tr\u00ean $90 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2011. N\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 30 t\u1edbi 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1eeb 2003 t\u1edbi 2009. Khi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh “Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p” th\u00e0nh “Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao” v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u0103m nay ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi $200 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7) sang k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p). C\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi m\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi moi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge and skills<\/p>\n

In the past, the skills students learned in school could help them to keep their jobs throughout their life. Today, lifelong learning is a necessity. It is very important for college students to understand that education does not end when they graduate but it is only the beginning of a lifelong learning.<\/p>\n

There are changes due to globalization that students do not pay attention. Today businesses do not stay within a border of a country but become global as \u201cthe world is flat\u201d. Today workers do not work in one place but can work anywhere using the internet and become \u201cvirtual workers\u201d. Today workers do not have to travel far to look for jobs but jobs have to go to where skilled workers live. Today, companies expect new graduates to be productive and ready to work immediately. Companies often fire people whose skills are obsolete and hire replacements with the right skills to maximize their profits. In the competitive global market, companies cannot afford to be non productive or waste money and time for workers to learn on the job. They expect students to have the needed skills trained by schools and not by them. That puts a lot of pressure on students and their schools. More than ever, the knowledge and skills are main factors for better career and better life.<\/p>\n

Few months ago, a Chinese professor asked me: \u201cWhen more students achieve higher grades, does it mean we have better students, better training programs. How do we truly measure the quality of our education system? I told him: \u201cWhen more students achieve high exam grades, of course school officers will quickly concluded that they have better training programs. Maybe it is true. Maybe the school has good students, but it is possible that the standard may have been lowered too.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today some schools still measures their education quality by the number of students passing exams or achieve higher grades. However, there are different quality measurements depending on the culture. When you look at different countries you will see different measurements. For example, if you ask a U.S teacher why a student is not do well in math, the teacher may say that it has something to do with intelligence or IQ. Ask the same question in Japan, the teacher will blame the student for not study hard enough. A French teacher will say that the student has different talents and math is not one of his. A Chinese teacher will blame the student\u2019s family for not pressure the students to study math. Each places see education quality from different views.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today, students in Asia are doing very well in math because their education program is focusing more on this subject. The most often asked question is if they are good in math, how come there are very few inventions and innovations as compare with the U.S or Europe? The answer maybe in the way math is being taught. From what I saw in China, Korea and Japan where most students memorize formulas and equations to pass tests rather than focus on the application of these scientific knowledge into skills. The fact is Asia has more students passing exams with high grades but is this measurement valid? Are there better measurements? Should we look at exams grade or something else such as skills?<\/p>\n

There is a good example from India about quantity and quality. In the late 1990s, India’s IT industry received a large demand from Western companies to help them fix the Y2K software issue. But Indian industry faced a severe problem: It needed to hire hundreds of thousands of software engineers, a far greater number than its engineering colleges produce. In 1999, India graduated only 70,000 software engineers per year. The government immediately \u201crequested\u201d their public universities to expand their trainings to enroll and graduate more people. Within ten years, India\u2019s schools graduated about 500,000 software engineers per year. The result was a \u201cnightmare\u201d with over 70% of them did not meet the industry\u2019s basic skills demand, therefore cannot find jobs.<\/p>\n

Indian industry was forced to rethink the way it educated its workers. It started by adapting the best practices of Western companies then improving on them. Top companies built their own education systems to train their workers. When college graduates was hired by companies like Infosys, Tata Consulting Services or HCL Technologies, they must undergo three to four months of intensive skills training before starting work. They are taught not only technical skills but also the basics of customer management, communications and team building.<\/p>\n

The Infosys program costs more than $6,000 per student. The company spent $120 million to build an education center in Mysore that employs more than 300 full-time faculty and can train 13,500 employees at a time. Tata Consulting runs 10 training centers across India that can train 30,000 people at a time. These companies require that every employee receive one to three weeks of formal education annually to learn new skills. Lifelong learning is a requirement to keep your jobs. Employees must attend additional skill training every time market demand changes.<\/p>\n

The results: India’s IT industry has grown from almost nothing in 1990 to over $90 billion in 2011. The top five companies were growing at 30 to 40 percent per year from 2003 to 2009. As their profits increase, employees salaries also increase. As productivity increase, their billing rates also increase. As more people are employed in higher wages, other jobs are created to support these people and eventually the economy improves at significant rates.<\/p>\n

Today, Indian engineers are designing aircraft engines, automotive components and manufacturing plants, next-generation microprocessors, telecom products and medical devices for Western companies. Their engineers command a salary almost equal to the engineers in developed countries. Today, India is trying to change the image of \u201cLow cost labor\u201d to \u201cHighly skilled labor\u201d and they expect this year earning to pass the $100 billion and achieve $200 billion by 2018.<\/p>\n

How could India move from a weak education system and turn its students into world-class specialists? The simple answer is they change the measurement from number of graduates (Government metric) to skills and employment (Industry metrics). Their measure is not on how many students passing exams but how many of them have better jobs, better salaries, and better life. Instead of focus on quantity, they focus on quality as measured by the end result.<\/p>\n

Indian students understand that today they do not compete in their local labor market but they have to compete with every students in the world and that motivate their learning. They understand very well that with globalization, anyone can compete, anyone can get better jobs, better salaries by develop better knowledge and skills. One manager told me: \u201cWe are no longer mention about low cost anymore, we are talking about high skills, the skills that every countries need but do not have. Now developed countries need us and they cannot do anything without us. That is our advantages\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2015"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2016,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015\/revisions\/2016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}