{"id":1990,"date":"2013-07-04T15:25:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1990"},"modified":"2013-07-04T15:25:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T08:25:35","slug":"kinh-nghiem-nguoi-thiet-ke-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1990","title":{"rendered":"Kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Web"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0,<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u em chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a em v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. V\u00ec em l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web \u1edf nh\u00e0, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a em:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf California n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1edbi nhau. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n \u0111i l\u00e0m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mua nh\u00e0, mua xe v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 con. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1edd d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u00f2n b\u00e9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, San Francisco l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh doanh g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng kinh doanh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu nh\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “thu nh\u1eadp duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00ec t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng gi\u1ecfi n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh trong kinh doanh n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, b\u00e1n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00f4i thay v\u00ec h\u1ecd.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Web l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n. T\u1eeb m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trang, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 trang web ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Web, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi t\u00f4i g\u1eedi cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c trang m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 xem, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i email cho t\u00f4i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n.” Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i trong t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Tin t\u00f4i \u0111i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 trang web. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean Web. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Web. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 \u1edf b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a web. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p l\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho con t\u00f4i (Xin n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi con h\u1ecd) th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khi con \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1” v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i. (N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u01b0a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trang web: \u201cN\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng trang web n\u00e0o n\u00ean t\u0129nh. Trang web t\u0129nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi trang web n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\u201d Th\u1ea7y n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1eabn nh\u1edb t\u1edbi b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y trong l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan kinh doanh, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111i t\u1edbi trang web \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin hay mua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111i sang trang kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u00f4i. V\u00e0i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u1edf New York v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u00fac 5:30 s\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf California, ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n 4 ti\u1ebfng theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd v\u00e0o ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7n Webmaster cho nhi\u1ec1u trang web kinh doanh, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trang Web l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 “m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1ea3o” v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 s\u1eadp, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ngay gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kinh doanh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u00a0L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Trong kinh doanh n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u0169 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon. L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ngay ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u1ee7 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi h\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c”.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft Java, HTML hay XML. V\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft CGI, Perl, Ajax, Ruby, ColdFusion, PHP, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. T\u00f4i t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng theo “gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf” \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang web c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean (N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m trang nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb hai t\u1edbi n\u0103m trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.) Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecd theo gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb 8:00 s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi 4:00 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Web Designer Experience<\/p>\n

I receive this email from a former students so I want to share with you about her experience in web design. You may find it interesting.<\/p>\n

Dear Professor,<\/p>\n

You asked me to share my work experience with current students. Since I work as a web designer at home, my experience may be limited. Here is my work experience:<\/p>\n

\u201cI graduated with a degree in Computer Science five years ago and worked for a software company in California where I met my husband and we got married. Like many young working couples, we brought a house, a car and everything was wonderful until we had children. It was difficult for me to have a child and still had to work. Software development job requires long hours and very stressful. When we had our second child, my husband and I decided that it would be better for me to stay home with our two young children. However, San Francisco is a very expensive place to live and we cannot live with just one income so I decided to work at home as a web designer\u00a0on a contract basis.<\/p>\n

Working as independent contractor is very difficult. If I do not have any customers I do not have any business. No business means no income. This is definitely NOT a good job for anyone if it is the \u201conly income\u201d. To me it is a good job because I rely on my husband\u2019s income as this job allows me to stay home with my two young children. As a contractor, I have to be a good salesperson too because there are thousand web design companies everywhere that compete for business. I have to be on the phone most of the time, selling my talent and convince customers to select me instead of them.\u00a0Some months, I have more works than I can handle, and other months I have nothing.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0most difficult job of a Web designer is to determine what the customer wants. From the colors, the layout, and the design of the page, I have to listen carefully to customer\u2019s requirements. Most customers have some ideas what the webpage should look like, but they are not Web designer, so it is difficult for them to express their wishes. When I send them sample pages to look at, some email me: \u201cNo, that is not what I want”. In that case, I have to go back into each detail to figure out what they want. Believe me, if you do not have patient you cannot do this.<\/p>\n

Most customers do not have knowledge about webpage. They do not know what is and what is not possible on the Web. They may ask for something that does not display well on most Web browsers. It is up to you, as the professional Web designer to educate them about the possibilities and the limitations of the web. Some customers are very nice but some are unreasonable, it is important that you must stay calm or else you lose a customer.<\/p>\n

As an independent Web designer, I can set my own working hours so I can take care of my children. This is a discipline that I have to force myself in because if I cannot balance my job and my family than it could be a disaster. If I spend too much time with my children (Please tell me if any mother does not want to play with their children) then I do not have time for my work. That could mean stay up all night to do work when the children are sleeping but then I will have \u201cissue\u201d with my husband. (If you are a married woman, you know about this).<\/p>\n

\u201cDear professor, I still remember what you said about developing Web pages: \u201cIt must be dynamic. No webpage should be static. Static webpage means it is dead and no one would go to a webpage if it is not updated or change frequently\u201d. You should know that your student is still remembering your precious lecture in the e-commerce class.\u201d<\/p>\n

From the business perspective, customers go to a webpage to seek information or to buy things. If there is no change then they go to another webpage and your website owner lose a customer. I had several customers where I design and maintain their websites, that means I have to constantly update their webpage with new information that they provide me. Several of my customers are in New York and they want their webpage updated by 5:30am. I live in California, 4 hours behind their time. Since I often receive updated information in the afternoon, I only have few hours to do that. I often have to wake up early to make sure everything is working properly. Sometime, customers changed their mind at the last minute and they call me at midnight to have new updates and that means several hour of working in the early morning.<\/p>\n

As a Webmaster responsible for many business websites, I understand that a Web site is a serious thing to business. It is their \u201cvirtual store fronts\u201d and if they crashed, I have to fix them quick, sometimes in the middle of the night. I must be ready whenever they need me or else I could say good bye to my business.\u00a0Working as an independent Web design is very challenging. It is not like develop software where you have a fixed schedule and time to do the work. In this business, I work whenever customers need me. I have to deal with browsers that are several years old, different operating system platforms, and any number of monitor configurations. This is where I highly value my training at Carnegie Mellon. As students, we were challenged from the first day in school. We had so many homeworks, so many exercises, so many tests and so little sleep. I found them unreasonable at that time but now, I understand the value as they prepared me to face the reality and challenges of the \u201creal world\u201d.<\/p>\n

To stay competitive, Web designer must have the most up-to-date skills on the latest technologies. Today companies do not hire Web designer who only knows Java, HTML or XML. Since I know CGI, Perl, Ajax, Ruby, ColdFusion, PHP, databases, server maintenance, I can handle most things that customer needs. As an independent contractor, I have to continue to learn new things to keep myself up to date and only now I understand your advice about \u201cLifelong learning\u201d. I charge my customer a \u201cbase price\u201d to get the basic website up (It include a home page with basic navigation and content such as two to five sub-content pages linked to the navigation). After that I charge them per hours of work depending on what they want to add.<\/p>\n

Being a Web Designer is not an easy job as many people think. It requires a lot of works, a lot of trainings, and a strong commitment to both yourself, your customers, and the customers of their Web sites. Sometime I wish that I can go to work from 8:00 to 4:00 then go home like my husband. As a mother, this is an ideal job to stay home with my children and still have good income.<\/p>\n

I hope that my experience does help some of you.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y trong … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1991,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990\/revisions\/1991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}