{"id":1983,"date":"2013-07-04T13:12:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T06:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1983"},"modified":"2013-07-04T13:12:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T06:12:04","slug":"khoa-hoc-may-tinh-va-toan-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1983","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh? T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ch\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Xin hi\u1ec3u cho r\u1eb1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1p d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 trong t\u1ed5, v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho khi h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, giao d\u1ecbch kinh doanh v.v. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng, s\u00e2n bay, m\u00e1y bay, l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y v.v. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p logic cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 logic c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 logic, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 suy lu\u1eadn d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ea1nh cho m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (logic, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, d\u00e3y, h\u00e0m, quan h\u1ec7), v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng minh, qui n\u1ea1p, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u00a0T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y, hay t\u1eadp c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 100,000. D\u00e3y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (t\u1eeb A t\u1edbi Z) v\u00e0 d\u00e3y con c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean (0,1,4,9.16 \u2026). Khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, vi\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hay tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v.v..<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u1eddi gian, nhu c\u1ea7u, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v.v. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Computer science and math<\/p>\n

A programmer wrote to me: \u201cWhy do computer science students have to spend several years learning mathematics and programming language? It only took me few months at a computer programming school, without any mathematics but I still can program and be able to work as a programmer.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Answer: Please understand that Computer Science is NOT computer programming although programming is a part of it. Of course, the decision to go to college or vocation school is a personal choice. People can learn how to program in few weeks and find a job as a programmer or go to college to be educated in some computing skills.<\/p>\n

There is a difference between a few months vocational training and a four years college training. There is a difference between a programming certificate and a computer degree. Computer Science is an engineering discipline where students learn the knowledge and skills to build application software and systems with a well defined purpose. Computer Science is a mathematical science where students study the capabilities and limitations of computers and how people can use them effectively.<\/p>\n

Both college and computer vocational schools teach programming languages. Most programs have only a few hundred lines of code which is easy for one person to build with some trainings. However, in the industry most software are much larger, some have several millions lines of code. People do not work alone but in team, some have ten or twenty people, some have hundred and could go as high as thousands people. Developing and understanding such complicated software requires special knowledge and mathematical discipline. That is why college students spend several years developing this special knowledge so when they go to work, they can build larger and more complex software.<\/p>\n

Real-world software systems also must be of high quality and reliable as some of them control our daily activities. Business software controls your bank account, the stock market, business transactions etc. Engineering software controls the traffic, the airport, the airplanes, the electric grids, the factories etc. Any failure in these systems can cause serious damage and very expensive to fix. That is why these software products require strict disciplines and well defined process to avoid errors.<\/p>\n

Mathematics provides the logic for these software systems. Students need mathematics to learn about logic as well as problem solving techniques so they can develop software in a systematic fashion. Larger and complex computer programming requires that developers to follow the exact sequence of steps to perform a task so it can be measured and reviewed completely and precisely. Mathematics is the foundation of software, it is the brick to build the house of software and without logic, there is no software. Because the concept is complex, not easy to understand, college students must learn about reasoning using abstract entities and operations.<\/p>\n

Mathematics provides a powerful language for precisely describing abstract ideas (logic, set theory, sequences, functions, relations), and powerful reasoning methods for use with abstract ideas (proof techniques, induction, problem solving). For example: \u00a0Sets are collections of objects, such as the set of all students in this room, or the set of all prime numbers less than 100,000. Sequence are ordered collections of objects, such as the alphabet (From A to Z) and subsequences of the integer (O,1,4,9.16 \u2026). When you study computer science, you learn to use mathematics concepts and methods to organize your thought and transfer them into design and code.<\/p>\n

College students learn\u00a0problem solving ability, recognizing levels of abstraction in software, hardware systems. They also learn skills such as building and using database management systems and sophisticated software tools to implement a variety of computing tasks. Beside technical skills, they also learn some soft-skills such as communication, writing, giving presentations or demonstrations. Being a team members and participate in teamwork etc.<\/p>\n

Today and in the future, most good jobs require college education. However, whether you go to college or vocational training depends on several factors such as financial, time, needs, career and jobs etc. It is a choice that people have to make. By the way, when you make choice, you do some calculation in your head and it is mathematics too.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1983"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1983\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}