{"id":1977,"date":"2013-07-04T13:09:23","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T06:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1977"},"modified":"2013-07-04T13:09:23","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T06:09:23","slug":"cai-tien-giao-duc-o-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1977","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u t\u00fa thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ASSOCHAM, ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Brazil, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nam Phi v\u00e0 Mexico.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong x\u01b0\u1edfng may qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, x\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea7y, hay c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u00cdt h\u01a1n 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ASSOCHAM k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111em h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00e9m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. N\u0103m 2008, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 340 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa 25 v\u00e0 50 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 480 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2014. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1edbm, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 m\u1ecdi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t khi ch\u00fang \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecd th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o trung h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hay hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 14 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec \u0111i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00eam 8 t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em n\u1eefa \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00fang. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 hay t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f3. H\u1ecd coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. B\u00e1o Hindu, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbp trung \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a th\u00edch g\u1eedi con h\u1ecd v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 thay v\u00ec v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 h\u01a1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd th\u00eam b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed7 l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m chi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf New Delhi cu\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cTrong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50% sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u0129 c\u00f3 82%, Anh c\u00f3 64% th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 60% nh\u01b0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13% cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i coi l\u00e0m so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111i theo nh\u1ecbp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (IIT), Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (IIM), v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Y h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 qua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u00ec thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng” c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u t\u00fa n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t xa. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 IIT v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd. Khi t\u00f4i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5m tr\u1eeb theo c\u00e1c qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, th\u00f9 lao gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111em t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c d\u1ea1y cho con em ch\u00fang ta theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd: \u201cTh\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 sao nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Harvard, Stanford, Oxford hay Cambridge l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ee9 hai nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ho\u00e0i nghi hay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd m\u1edf khu tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u1ebfu lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u “\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1ng hai, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn” nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u “\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3” v\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc r\u1edfm” th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u00e9m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fat n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang kinh doanh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1.4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1edbi 2 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu cung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u1ea7u th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay Brazil, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Education Improvement in India<\/p>\n

The education system in India is managed by the state and only the upper class elites have access to better but more expensive education options. According to a recent study by ASSOCHAM, the country\u2019s chambers of commerce, India\u2019s state education system was considered significant behind other developing countries such as Brazil, China, South Africa, and Mexico.<\/p>\n

Primary education in India is the most underdeveloped system where a majority of poor children do not go to school. Many of them have to support their families by working in the field, in clothing factories, shoes factories, or crafting factories. High school education and state college education in India are not better as they have not change in many years. Less than 20 percent of high school graduates go to college, the lowest among developing nations. The ASSOCHAM study concluded that India needs to put more children in school, educate them better, and ensure its college graduates are employable if it want to maintain its current economic growth rates and bring hundreds of millions out of poverty.<\/p>\n

The study warned that India is in danger of actually being a less educated society in 2020 than it is now. In 2008, India had approximately 340 million people between 25 and 50 years without a college degree but that could surge to 480 million by 2014. If the education system is not improved soon, it will delay all future economic growth. Education is a time sensitive issue. If children do not have good education when they are in elementary school than many will not go to high school. If they do not receive good education in high school than you cannot expect many of them to go to college then the opportunity is lost forever. It only take one to two uneducated generation to push the country back several years and in this highly competitive world, it is not something any country can afford.<\/p>\n

Although compulsory education for children until the age of 14 was the directive of the Indian Constitution, little was done to ensure this directive were implemented. The gap between the \u201cEducated\u201d and the \u201cUneducated\u201d keep getting wider as more children had to go to work to support their families instead of going to school. In a recent report, a provincial government official complained: \u201cIf we enforce our directive, our education system will see an additional 8 to 10 million more children enrolling at schools. We do not have enough schools, we do not have enough teachers and we do not have enough books to support them. It is easy for congress to pass laws and guidelines for education, ensuring quality education, making it available to every citizen but no one want to implement it or funding it. they considered it is the local government responsibilities.\u201d<\/p>\n

Concerns about education improvement remain stagnated for many years. The Hindu newspaper, one of the most popular newspaper in the country recently ran a series of article about education reform. It mentioned that funding is inadequate for achieving the education objectives. There are too many plans, too many opinions, too many wishes that dilute the main purpose of educate a billion person nation. However, the newspaper also found that education is an incredibly profitable industry. It has more demand than supply with high revenue and that is why private schools are doing well. Today most middle class families prefer to send their children to private schools instead of state school. However, the issue of de-regulate the education sector by allowing more private schools is still a hot debate among Congress. Many argued that by allowing more private schools to open, the country will be further divided because only the rich can send their children to better private schools when poor children have to stay in archaic state schools.<\/p>\n

However, many people are demanding a change in the education system by allowing more private schools. For many years of making promises, for many years of spending money in education but most Indian have not see any improvement in the state education system. After years of denial, the government in New Delhi finally seem to realize that things are broken and need fixing. In a speech in congress, a congressman stated the issue: \u201c\u2018In most developed countries, at least 50% of students go to college. The U.S has 82%, the UK has 64% even China has 60% but India has only 13% so we need to do something fast as we can\u201d. However, other congressman considered it unfair to do such comparison. One congressman said: \u201cWe do not need statistics, we do not need data. We have more urgent things to solve. We go according to our own pace\u201d.<\/p>\n

During the colonial time and at the early days of independence, India has a few best public universities such as the world-class Indian Institutes Of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and India Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Science. They are the institutions that developed Indian\u2019s top scientists, top managers, and top engineers but they are very selective. Only the best and the brightest can get in. These are students that have been prepared by their families for many years to pass the most strictest examinations to get admissions. Even when they are in, they are educated in the most disciplined, the most strictest education to be the best. These institutions are the \u201cgold standard\u201d of education, even today. However, these elite schools do not represent the current education system. They are the exception because the rest of the education system is much far below the average. One Indian friend told me: \u201cIn India we have the best and the worst. We have the richest people and the poorest people, the most educated people and the uneducated people. We do not have anything in between. We have the best public university like the IIT and many public universities that are not much different from a high school elsewhere.\u201d<\/p>\n

Since education improvement is a hot debate that has been discussed for many years without any result. A new solution has been suggested. When I was in India last summer, there was a debate in Congress regarding allowing foreign universities to set up campuses in India. These universities will be exempt from government regulation on curriculum design, teacher compensation and other day-to-day operational matters, a significant departure from how domestic universities are currently controlled. Some people believe that by having more schools will create more competition and bring improvement. However, many people protested the idea as it is an \u201cInsult to India by allowing foreigners to teach our children according to their values and culture.\u201d Several people were afraid that \u201cIndia will lose control if allow foreigners to train their citizen.\u201d<\/p>\n

When my Indian friends asked for my opinion I told them: \u201cEstablishing a school that replicate Harvard, Stanford, Oxford or Cambridge is very difficult. First, if it is easy than it already being done somewhere. Second these prestigious schools do not want to diluting their reputations with dubious quality or poor results. I do not think you will get them to open campuses in India. Personally, I think if the law pass, it will allow a lot of \u201cprofit-seeking, second-class universities\u201d to jump in and take advantage of the high demand for education there. Today, we have so many \u201cFake universities\u201d and \u201cPhony universities\u201d especially many on line universities with a lot of promises and poor trainings. Most are not even accredited at all but it seems they are doing very well in many developing countries. In my opinion, improving education should be done by the citizen of India and not by foreigners.\u201d<\/p>\n

Most of my friends were not comfortable with it. One told me that India needs to have between 1.4 million to 2 million software workers in the next five years and there is no way they can find them. If supply cannot meet demand than thing will change. If the outsourcing trends begin to shift direction and move from India to another country than they will lose the business. If customers find better skills, better costs elsewhere such as China or Brazil, it could be the end of the IT \u00a0outsourcing trend and the economic growth that they have been enjoying for many years.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u t\u00fa thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 truy … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1978,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1977\/revisions\/1978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}