{"id":1952,"date":"2013-07-04T11:55:02","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1952"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:55:02","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:55:02","slug":"xep-hang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1952","title":{"rendered":"X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh CNTT m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World Forum) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh CNTT r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i giao, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh r\u1ea5t cao. Theo h\u1ecd th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu CNTT l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi m\u00e0 Phillipines b\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1ng 97\/125) m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef cao do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 CNTT c\u1ee7a Phi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y qua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Vietnam<\/b> \u0111\u00e3 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, t\u1ee5t s\u00e1u b\u1eadc xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 65. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf 10 trong s\u1ed1 12 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a GCI v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 (\u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 65, l\u00ean 20 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed) l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng xem x\u00e9t n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 2010 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, \u1edf m\u1ee9c 6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a GDP, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t quay l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n hai con s\u1ed1 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00fat \u00edt n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c (x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 46) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 66) cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn (x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 33), \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u1edbn. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n, b\u1ecb k\u00e9o c\u0103ng b\u1edfi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 123) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 111). V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 64, 103, v\u00e0 110 cho \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam n\u1eefa t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Qui ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 113), v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c (9, th\u1ee9 94) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian (44 ng\u00e0y, x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 119) c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 127) v\u00e0, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00edt h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 98). Chung cu\u1ed9c, tham nh\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 104).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Anh:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u00d4ng ta c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u1edfng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua Malaysia v\u00e0 Singapore v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Brazil. \u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford:<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 M\u0129) t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hay t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c; t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e3ng M\u0129 r\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean do vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u0129-Trung.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t, do c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 23 t\u1edbi 65) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb 23 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong 20 n\u0103m n\u1eefa l\u00ean t\u1edbi 65 tri\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o — n\u1ebfu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 40% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kinh qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, g\u1ea7n 80% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gia nh\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c <\/b><\/p>\n

X\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 40% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n (d\u01b0\u1edbi 23). V\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gay g\u1eaft:<\/p>\n

–Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/b>\u00a0M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thanh ni\u00ean, Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n tr\u1ebb em, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 33 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 20% tr\u1ebb em nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u00e1u gi\u1edd tr\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 hai con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa, n\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

— Chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t.<\/b>\u00a0N\u0103m 1991 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ra lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu h\u1ed3i chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp sau: trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf, trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1\/k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111ang che gi\u1ea5u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. L\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa.<\/p>\n

–L\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ea5p.<\/b>\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 th\u00eam cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 242, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn n\u0103m 1993, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3\u00a0 qui ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n “l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00eam”. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 hai b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i mong \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00e1nh th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ranking<\/p>\n

Vietnam<\/b>\u2019s competitiveness assessment declines in this edition, dropping six places to 65th. The country loses ground in 10 of the 12 pillars of the GCI and only a significant improvement in the macroeconomic environment (65th, up 20 places) limits its fall in the rankings. Despite this considerable improvement, some macroeconomic challenges remain. The 2010 budget deficit was still too large, at 6 percent of GDP, and inflation moved back to near double-digit levels after having briefly receded the year before. Going forward, Vietnam will have to build on its strengths while addressing the economy\u2019s numerous challenges. Among its competitive strengths are its fairly efficient labor market (46th) and its innovation potential (66th) given its stage of development, including its relatively large market size (33rd), which benefits from a particularly large export market. However, the challenges going forward are numerous and significant. Infrastructure, strained by rapid economic growth, remains a major challenge for the country despite some improvement in recent years, with particular concerns about the quality of roads (123rd) and ports (111th). And although education appears to be satisfactory in terms of quality, enrollment rates at all levels remain low (64th, 103rd, and 110th for primary, secondary, and tertiary enrollments, respectively). In order to further improve its competitiveness, Vietnam must also continue to strengthen its institutional environment. Regulation is perceived as burdensome (113rd), with the number of procedures (9, 94th) and time (44 days, 119th) required to start a business making this a cumbersome process. In addition, there are concerns regarding the level of intellectual property protection (127th) and, to a lesser extent, the respect of property rights (98th). Finally, corruption is considered frequent and pervasive (104th).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Another report from UK:<\/p>\n

Vietnam is viewed as a viable alternative to China for foreign (particularly U.S.) companies seeking to establish or increase their lower-cost manufacturing capacity. This is due to the increasing costs of labor in China; rising Chinese taxes on foreign enterprises; difficulties with the business environment in China; and the perception among some U.S. firms that the political risk of doing business in China may increase due to rising U.S.-Chinese trade tensions.<\/p>\n

However, over the long term, foreign firms seeking to expand their operations in Vietnam may discover that the Vietnamese workforce lacks crucial skills, due to problems with its education system.<\/p>\n

Working-Age Population Surge<\/b><\/p>\n

The workforce in Vietnam (defined as adults aged 23 to 65) is expected to jump by 23 million over the next 20 years, to 65 million. This should help make the country a viable alternative to China as a manufacturing center–if Hanoi can reduce the corruption and incompetence that plague its primary and secondary schools. Tertiary education in Vietnam also has problems,\u00a0particularly in the quality of its science and engineering instruction.<\/p>\n

Skills Shortage<\/b><\/p>\n

A recent employer survey by Vietnam’s Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs found that just 40% of the workforce had training of any sort. The\u00a0majority of respondents experienced difficulty in finding workers with skills to match their needs. Among workers in their early twenties, nearly 80% had no formal job training before joining the workforce.<\/p>\n

Education System Shortcomings<\/b><\/p>\n

Approximately 40% of Vietnam’s population is of school age or younger (under 23). Yet the school system’s problems are acute:<\/p>\n

–Inadequate class time.<\/b>\u00a0An recent analysis by U.K. research group Young Lives, An International Study of Childhood Poverty, highlighted the fact that the Vietnamese school year is just 33 weeks and only 20% of children receive the international norm of at least five to six hours of class time per day. These figures are both significantly worse in rural areas, where children must help their families with agricultural work.<\/p>\n

–Out-of-pocket cost.<\/b>\u00a0In 1991 Vietnam made primary school education compulsory and free. However, its cost recovery policy initiated in 1992 shifted the cost burden from the government to the consumer for subsequent education: junior secondary school, senior secondary school and technical\/vocational training school. The emergence of a middle class in Vietnam with sufficient means to fund rising education costs is hiding structural deficiencies in the system. Children of families with lesser means are sometimes forced to forgo secondary education entirely. Again, the problem is particularly severe in rural areas.<\/p>\n

–Low teacher pay.<\/b>\u00a0Low teacher pay has led to situations where educators have pressured students to participate in additional study activities in order to augment their meager official salaries. The practice was so pervasive that National Decree 242, approved in 1993, included regulations limiting “extra classes.” Only authorized teachers are now allowed to provide such classes, and primary school students may undertake no more than two extra lessons totaling four hours per week.<\/p>\n

Outlook<\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

The education system’s shortcomings have created significant challenges for foreign investors seeking to recruit and retain prospective Vietnamese employees.<\/p>\n

Not only should they expect to incur significant costs for training and development programs, they will also likely need to adopt creative methods to retain these employees once they are skilled and competent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh CNTT m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World Forum) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thu th\u1eadp … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1952"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1954,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions\/1954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}