{"id":195,"date":"2013-06-17T19:56:29","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=195"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:06:20","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:06:20","slug":"he-thong-giao-duc-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=195","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb “ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c” ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao” hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p.” Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh” s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao” b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c chung. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tin r\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c chung \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean Internet, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd tin ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c chung v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cGoogle\u201d n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?\u201d<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin.”<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 V\u00c0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn “th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi” v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, t\u00f2 m\u00f2, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean ch\u00fang ngay khi h\u1ebft l\u1edbp. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 coi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a trung h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c M\u00c0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111am m\u00ea ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn l\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 “danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v.v. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ea3 n\u0103m thay v\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf th\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The future education system<\/p>\n

According to an economic report, in the near future the job market will be \u201cpolarized\u201d where there are only \u201cHigh-skilled\u201d jobs or \u201cLow-skilled\u201d jobs. Most \u201cMiddle-skilled\u201d job will be automated by information technology. That means college students must learn technological skills to work in \u201cHigh-skilled\u201d jobs else they will not be able to find jobs. Most low-skilled jobs will be outsourced to other countries and done by people who do not have a good education or technology skills.<\/p>\n

Today companies need high skilled workers, especially ones with technical skills rather people with general knowledge. Industry people believe that general knowledge is already available on the Internet, what you know is not important than what you can do with what you know. That is why they believe the type of education that focus on general knowledge and memorization is obsolete. An executive explains: \u201cWhy bother to memorize formulas and equations when you can \u201cGoogle\u201d it using your smart phone?\u201d<\/p>\n

Not long ago, people go to college, get degree, find a job, and work the same job until they retire. Today students go to college to develop skills that are needed by the industry so they can find jobs. Even they have job but given the pace of technological change, they will have to continue to learn new skills, new things, to keep their job or else somebody will take it if they have better skills. That is the reality of the \u201cInformation Age\u201d.<\/p>\n

Today a college degree is no longer a guarantee for job as graduates must demonstrate ability to apply knowledge to solve problems AND have the skills that industry need. They also need to have soft-skills such as critical thinking, communication, and teamwork to function well in the industry. They must adopt a \u201cLifelong learning attitude\u201d as things continue to change, as they must monitor technological trends and market trends and continue to learn. Of course, every student needs some basic knowledge as well as motivation to do that. Students who are motivated, curious, and persistent will continue to learn and develop new skills. They will be able to find better opportunities, better jobs and move up successfully.<\/p>\n

Traditional education requires students to learn so many things some maybe unnecessarily. Students must memorize so many facts that most of them have no interest in so they often forget them as soon as the class is over. Because of this, students often become less motivated about learning and go to college have become just an extension of high school rather than an environment where they learn something new and exciting for their careers. Therefore, improving education should NOT be just a substitute of one curriculum to another BUT to focus on new teaching methods to motivate students to learn so they can develop their own passion of learning and develop a sense of purpose in their lives.<\/p>\n

To do that, the role of teachers will change. Instead of being the source of knowledge, teachers will become people who mentor and coach students to learn so they are motivated to explore, discover and innovate and contribute to the society. The role of Principals and Provost will also change. Instead of being the administrators of instructional programs, they will become leaders who manage the collaborations between schools and industry so education will become a key part of economic drivers for the society. Instead of having many tests, students will have \u201ceducation portfolios\u201d to show evidence of mastery of skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, and communication etc. Teachers and administrators will be judged on evidence of improvement in students\u2019 work through the year instead of how many students pass tests in the end of the school year. Only then education will be truly effective in develop talents who can make a difference in this world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb “ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c” ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,28,18,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-phu-huynh","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=195"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":616,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions\/616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}