{"id":1945,"date":"2013-07-04T11:45:37","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1945"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:45:37","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:45:37","slug":"cau-chuyen-cmmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1945","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n CMMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u0103ng h\u0103m h\u1edf d\u00f9ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (CMMI) nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra. Khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “sai l\u1ea7m” h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 CMMI s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1eefa.\u201d T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cN\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o r\u1ed3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee9. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u ra. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 CMMI, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00edch ra l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thay v\u00ec s\u1eeda n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m theo c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. CMMI l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCMMI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho ch\u00fang.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cCMMI kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u201cl\u00e0m sao\u201d l\u00e0m n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “l\u00e0m sao” th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eadn l\u1eafm n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mua m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c mua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u CMMI trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mua t\u1eeb ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kinh doanh, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kia t\u1ed1t g\u00ec?\u201d Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f2 m\u00f2: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao CMMI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u?\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ra. N\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ra. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft ra qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 “c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gian nan v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian. Mua qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The CMMI story<\/p>\n

Many companies are eager to use the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) but managers do not know what will happen when their workers are starting to make improvement happens. When I was in China last year, several managers told me about the \u201cmistakes\u201d that they have made.<\/p>\n

One manager told me: \u201cI think the CMMI will help improving the way developers work but nobody told me that it also forces management to change the way we manages projects too\u201d. I was surprised: \u201cOf course, the model is designed more for managers than for developers. It requires that managers to commit to improve the way software is developed.\u201d The manager shook his head and explained: \u201cIt requires developers to collect data, implement metrics and measurements then report to management. It also requires management to make corrective actions about the project based on these data.\u201d. I agreed: \u201cThat is correct, managers must act on those data.\u201d. He looked at me as I did not know his intention: \u201cIn that case, managers have to do something about it\u201d. Suddenly I understood. It is easy to tell others to change as long as you do not have to do anything. But it is not easy to change yourself. By using an model like the CMMI, it makes everybody have to change to make quality happens, including management. Later, I found out that in some companies, managers like to give order but do not want to act. By having measurements and data, it forces them to act and some do not like it. If the project slips schedule than they have to do something about it. In the past, some ignored it and let the situation became worst then they just cancel the project rather than fix it. By having data earlier, it give managers the ability to take corrective action when the problem is first detected but in some situations, that maybe not what managers want to know.<\/p>\n

I reminded them that they cannot still doing the same thing that they always do and expect different results. Quality is not something happens naturally as it requires a lot of works. The CMMI is a model for improving software development. Developers must change the way the build software. Manager must change the way they manage project. Users must change the way they ask project to do what they want and when they want it done. They cannot create unnecessary requests at the last minute. If these behaviors do not change, nothing will happen.<\/p>\n

Another manager told me: \u201cThe CMMI requires too many documented processes. It forces us to document them.\u201d I told him: \u201cThe CMMI does not require anything, it is only a guideline. It tells you \u201cWhat\u201d you need to do but not \u201cHow\u201d to do it. By having a document process, it helps people to know what to do so they do not skip important things. If you focus on the \u201cHow\u201d then you document too much.\u201d He shook his head: \u201cWe do not have time to document, we are so busy so we just buy all documents from a consultant. In that case, we have all the document that we need.\u201d<\/p>\n

Throughout my time in China, I have seen the purchasing of CMMI documents in many companies. What managers need to know is processes is a basic structure of a company. That is the way company does business. That is the way company build software. Since every company has different way of do thing. No company is the same so processes should reflect the difference or the way things are conducted in particular company. No one can use the same process from another the place. They do not fit and cannot be used. If the documented process that they purchase from somebody is not the same way they do business. If it is not the same way their developers build software. If it is not the same way managers manage project then my question is \u201cWhat good are those document?\u201d. When I asked, a manager simply answered: \u201cWe must have documents to pass the CMMI appraisal.\u201d<\/p>\n

A manager seemed curious: \u201cWhy does the CMMI require documentation?\u201d I explained: \u201cBefore any improvement can happen, people in your company do things in certain way but they do not put it in writing. It is mostly in their head so everybody do things differently and that is why your quality is not very good. The first step is ask them to write it down. Of course the way they do may not be perfect. By reviewing what has been done in a document, you can find out some errors and correct them. You rewrite the new process and ask them to use to see if it is better. If it is good then you want everyone to follow it. That is \u201cContinuous improvement\u201d. The manager smiled: \u201cBut it is hard and take time. Buying a documented process is much easier and it help us to achieve CMMI level 3 since we have everything documented.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u0103ng h\u0103m h\u1edf d\u00f9ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (CMMI) nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1946,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions\/1946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}