{"id":1935,"date":"2013-07-04T11:38:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1935"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:38:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:38:03","slug":"li-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1935","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 “ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m. Khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m: m\u1ecdi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, m\u1ecdi giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 logic th\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf hay b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, b\u00e0i luy\u1ec7n v.v. Khi sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc “l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft” v\u00e0 “th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt”. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m nom t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tri th\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng thanh tho\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ra sao. Khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y lung tung qua l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng logic. R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Theory and practice<\/p>\n

Most students learn about theory in school. Theory is things like object-oriented concepts, data abstraction, database design, and quality attributes of software architecture. Theory is easy to discuss, easy to learn but difficult to experience. Most students learn theory but only have a vague idea about it. They often do not know how it work or how to apply it. That is why they need practices. That is why schools have exercises, homeworks and assignments for them to apply what they learn into practice.<\/p>\n

When students know theory but have no practice, they think that they know something. Their mind maybe full of ideas in the ways of software supposed to work. Until they apply it, they do not have the experience. For example it is easy to talk about errors and defects but how to handle error is different issue. Until you code, discover errors and know that an application that lacks error handling is fatal then you appreciate the theory of error handling. Only by practice you know that having this \u201cerror handling function\u201d is important. That is where experience comes in.<\/p>\n

Experience is about making mistakes. When you study theory there are no mistakes: all codes have zero error, all interface are easy to do, and no software systems ever crash. It is so logic and so obvious. In reality, all codes have defects that require a lot of efforts to fix. Most interfaces always require more time to do. Software crash often during testing etc. That is why in software trainings, students cannot learn from books or lectures but must do homeworks, exercises etc. When students take programming languages course, they must write code. There is no exception.<\/p>\n

For software students, the more mistakes you make, the better you are. Software students make mistakes but each mistake added one more lesson to their experience. Experience can only be gained by actually doing. To be better at programming, you must write code and make mistakes. There is no other way. The more experience you have, the better you do the work and the better you become. Students must understand that theory is the knowledge and experience is the skills. Theory is the foundation where you build your skills. You cannot develop the skills without knowledge. That is why education and training are needed for all software developers.<\/p>\n

There are people who only learn \u201cshort cuts\u201d and \u201ctricks\u201d. They do not want to spend time acquiring the knowledge. They only want to learn to do few things. They can learn programming without theory or foundation. They can write code that runs well but is difficult to maintain. Their goal is only to make the code works but they do not care about change or maintain. They can develop software in small project where coding is the main activity. They do not have the skills to work in larger or more complex projects. Large projects require architect and design. Since the goal of design relies a lot on theory to build system that is complex, extensible, easily-understood, easy to maintain with all the quality attributes included. Software system depends on the foundation and knowledge of the software engineer. The better knowledge, the better the design and the better the skills, the more elegant it is.<\/p>\n

A programmer with limited skills cannot build system like that. They are limited to coding and testing. They are workers but never architect, designer or project manager. A system lacking in design will crash often, it will be difficult to maintain. The larger the system, the worse the problem becomes. There are many system like that today, their code is so bad that no one want to maintain. No one will understand how it was done. When reviewing these systems, you can see that it consisted of thousand lines of code jumping back and forth with no logical functions. It is very easy to tell that it is designed by workers not architect.<\/p>\n

As more system become larger and more complex, software industry needs more software people with good education and training. Industry needs more people with both foundation of theory and practical skills. Software industry needs these people because software controls so many things, an error can have bad consequences and possible human life. That is why companies are willing to pay more for these people.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1936,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1935\/revisions\/1936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}