{"id":1933,"date":"2013-07-04T11:36:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1933"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:36:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:36:36","slug":"khoan-ngoai-cntt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1933","title":{"rendered":"Kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cidek Abrahim, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u00ec h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 TCS, Infosys, Wipro, v\u00e0 Mahindra. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eady? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Philippines, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 Nga l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1985 khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Motorola, Texas Instrument, HP v\u00e0 Intel v.v. t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (IIT). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd. Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Y2K tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, sau Y2K, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung: ti\u1ebfng Anh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng Philippines c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t. Sao \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf trong khi Philippines kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede bang Karnataka, c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Bangalore, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t qua b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y nh\u01b0 M\u0129, v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Microsoft, Oracles, Google \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. Danh ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y lan r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.”<\/p>\n

Cidek h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, cho gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng ti CNTT, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u00e2ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hay tham nh\u0169ng. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi “g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec” tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 cao qu\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9? C\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cNga c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kinh doanh c\u00f3 l\u1eddi cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e3i t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sao?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y nay khi kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111ang ra \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau hao sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u0103ng tr\u00ean 32% trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng qua. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau hao cao h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau hao sinh l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lan sang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u1eefa. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, n\u1ebfu k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m hay m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i g\u00ec, s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110i v\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

IT Outsourcing<\/p>\n

Cidek Abrahim, a visiting professor from Turkey asked me: \u201cI know that the key driver of economic growth in India were software companies like the TCS, Infosys, Wipro, and Mahindra. I also know that their success is based lower costs What I do not know is how can a poor country like India compete in a high tech sector and succeed? How did a country, with so many poor people can produce so many software engineers? And why other countries like The Philippines, China, and Russia are unable to replicate what India did?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cIt began in 1985 when companies like Motorola, Texas Instrument, HP and Intel etc. went to India to open their factories to take advantage of low cost labor in India. At that time, India had a number of highly skilled engineers graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). U.S companies recognized their talents and hired them. When the software Y2K became a major issue that needed to be fixed, most U.S and European software engineers did not want to work on obsolete mainframe technology. Some Indian engineers were willing to learn and supported this activity and it encouraged more Indian students to study software for better jobs, better wages and the chance to go to work in the U.S. Of course, after the Y2K, many U.S and European companies realized the potential of the high skilled and lower wages of these engineers and the IT outsourcing trends began. Many Indian entrepreneurs saw the opportunity and seized it and it started the IT outsourcing industry. Within few short years, software industry became a catalyst for economic growth in India. The advantage of India over other countries was India can connect to western countries through a common language: English.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek asked: \u201cBut the Philippines also have a large number of people who speak English well. Why India was so successful when the Philippines was not?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cThe difference could be attributed to the education system. Although Indian education system was under the direction of the central government but local government do have their own control at local area. In the state of Karnataka, whose capitol is Bangalore, local government allowed private universities to operate. These private universities did not have to follow government guideline on training programs. Many had licenses with U.S and U.K universities to use their IT training programs which resulted in highly skilled IT graduates. The prospect of earning a good salary through an IT degrees attracted more students to this sector. During the early day of IT outsourcing, many graduates came to western countries like the U.S, and UK to work. They had no problem of fitting in. What they learned in their schools were the same with what software developers in Microsoft, Oracles, Google learned. They were using the same techniques, the same methods, the same tools, and the same technology so they built a good impression with western companies. This good reputation spread quickly triggered more companies outsourced their works to India.<\/p>\n

Cidek asked: \u201cBut Indian government also issued special policy to stimulate innovation. They passed laws to created high tech parks, giving tax break to IT companies, subsidizing research, encourage specific areas for growth too.\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cYes, these things are necessary to sustain their economic growth. However, other countries also did that too. China has better technology parks, better tax incentives, better transportation and more government supports but still not be able to compete with India. Based on my research, what really matter are four basic factors: A good supply of highly skilled workforce, the good broadband connection to the outside world, the use of English as the main language, and local government support entrepreneurs to start their own companies. Many Indian friends told me that for the first time in India, wealth is created in an honest way. IT business is created by talents and skills, not by connection or corruption. IT industry have created several million jobs, it is a clean industry, it helps so many people with \u201calmost nothing\u201d became millionaire and billionaire. It allows poor Indian students to know that with a good education, they can change their lives and other people lives too. These successes bring a lot of excitement and confident to a very poor country and encourage more people to study software. That is why Indian has so many software engineer and software job is admired by many Indian as a noble profession and as the best way to achieve economic prosperity.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek asked: \u201cWhy countries like Russia, China that also have a good education system cannot replicate the success of India? What hold them back?<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cRussia have very good education system and good engineers but their cost is much higher. China is focusing more on manufacturing. Both of these countries did not seriously look at software as a highly profitable business and economic driver until recently. It allows India to capture the market and positioned itself as the destination for all IT outsourcing.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cidek asked: \u201c So is it too late or impossible for another country to enter this market?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cNo it is not too late. With globalization, things change very fast if you know how to seize the opportunity. Today as global business begins to recover, Indian IT companies are battling to retain their employees because they do not have enough skilled workers to meet high global demand. As more Indian companies are hiring, more employees are leaving for better jobs and better pay. The attrition have reached a critical point over 32% in the past few months. Higher attrition rate means that companies have to spend more money to keep their employees, preventing them from going to work for competitors. The only way to keep them is to give them raise and it makes doing business in India more costly. The higher cost of doing business in India opens doors for other countries to take advantages of their lower cost. The interesting fact is not only software developers are changing jobs but this attrition has spread to managers too. Indian success has deplete most of its skilled workers. This is a good opportunity for other country to compete with India. If they have good supply of skilled workers, if their cost is reasonable, if their engineer can communicate well in English, if they have good infrastructure such as broadband connection, and if their government encourage entrepreneur by supporting them with incentive, tax break and ease of import and export. I do not see why not. The main issue is not about enter the market and compete with India but how do you sustain the growth after entering. It requires a continuation of developing skilled workers to keep up with the demand. Most global countries do not outsourcing IT to any country if they do not see that it can sustain it and grow it for at least\u00a0 five or ten more years. The key factors is the education system, how well it perform, what kind of training programs it follows, the number of students enroll per year and the number of graduates that the country can provided. Investment in IT outsourcing is a strategy not just a short term so both sides must be prepared carefully. To enter is not difficult but if you cannot keep up with demand, if your quality is not good enough, if you do not have enough skilled workers, you will not be successful.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cidek Abrahim, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u00ec h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1934,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1933\/revisions\/1934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}