{"id":1925,"date":"2013-07-04T11:33:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1925"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:33:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:33:04","slug":"mot-khao-cuu-ve-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1925","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra m\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i chung nh\u1ea5t: 1) L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c; 2) \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n; 3) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m; 4) B\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; 5) R\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed; 6) Trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00e9m gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng; 7) K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n; 8) Thi\u1ebfu qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh; 9) Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o; 10) K\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, s\u00e1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i then ch\u1ed1t thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. (L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro). Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean t\u00e1m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf b\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 78% \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. 96% \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; 87% \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 78% \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m then ch\u1ed1t duy nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 theo d\u00f5i chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ebf to\u00e1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0n l\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 “anh h\u00f9ng” \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Thay th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 32% v\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 28%). Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A study on software project<\/p>\n

There was a industry study published last month on why so many software project failed in developing countries. The study listed ten most common failure factors: 1) Unrealistic project schedule; 2) Inaccurate estimates of needed workers; 3) Poorly defined requirements; 4) Inaccurate reporting of the project\u2019s status; 5) Unmanaged risks; 6) Poor communication among customers, developers, and users; 7) Limited teamwork skills among workers; 8) Lack of defined process; 9) Lack of measurements and metrics; 10) Poor project supporting skills i.e., Configuration Management and Quality Assurance.<\/p>\n

From this list, six key failure factors belong to the skills of software proj\u00adect management. (Planning, estimating, monitoring, reporting, measuring, and managing risk). The study interviewed over eight hundred software project managers in seven countries and found that 78% did not clearly understand the business goals. 96% did not have vision for the project; 87% did not understand the reason of the project and 78% did not know how to cope with change or risks. The only key concern among these managers was to deliver the software according to the funding distributed in the project statement. The study concluded that most project managers only tracked their spending and more concerned with monetary issue rather than technical issues which probably came from accounting training rather than project management training.<\/p>\n

All of these failure factors pointed out to an urgent need to improve software project management skills.<\/p>\n

The study also seriously raised concern over the risk of outsourcing software projects as recently more companies are outsource the entire project to developing countries rather than just coding and testing parts. It identified key weaknesses of existing trainings in these countries as too narrowly focused on programming and supporting tools but lacking at the higher levels such as software process and system architecture view. It found that a majority of project teams did not follow any process when developed software. They have created many defects which made integration difficult and prolonged testing time which also extended the time needed to complete the project.<\/p>\n

The study found that the current academic training valued individual achievement which resulting team members did not cooperate with each other or worked as a team. Everyone wanted to be a \u201chero\u201d which increased the risk for the project. It also identified that team members turnover was a serious issue during the project (Team member turnover in India is 32% and in China is 28%). The study suggested that software companies must improve teamwork skills and strengthens employees\u2019 soft skills to improves the overall competence of their workforce.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1926,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions\/1926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}