{"id":1915,"date":"2013-07-04T11:28:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1915"},"modified":"2013-07-04T11:28:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T04:28:05","slug":"du-an-capstone-o-chau-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1915","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstones l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong c\u1ea3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 capstones \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 capstone nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m hay th\u1ea9m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. (V\u1ec1 sau t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.) Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 cho t\u1edbi khi th\u1eddi gian s\u1eafp h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. V\u00ec th\u1eddi gian s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00edt chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb r\u00fat b\u1edbt l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho t\u1ed1t n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ed3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, khi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng cho ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 \u0111i theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi lao v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec d\u00f5i v\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u1eb7p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui m\u00f4 t\u1ed1t theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong t\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf kho trung t\u00e2m, sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebfu m\u00e3 trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, h\u1ecd d\u1eebng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng theo d\u00f5i khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.) \u1ede hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00edt vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 n\u00f3i chung c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau khi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u xung \u0111\u1ed9t x\u1ea3y ra trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng y\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vai tr\u00f2 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay gi\u1eef th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea5u, b\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Capstone projects in Asia<\/p>\n

Traditionally, a capstone project is a final work before students graduate from college. For computer science and software engineering students, many capstones are \u201creal projects\u201d given by companies in the software industry. In these project, students have to apply all the knowledge that they have learned throughout their four years in college to solve real problem. Capstone projects are often intensive, requiring significant effort in both planning and implementing. In the past few years, I have conducted a study of capstones in Japan, S. Korea, China and India. Following are some of my observations:<\/p>\n

Many capstone teams receive requirements document from customers but instead of validate or verify requirements they start the project immediately. (Later I found out that requirements engineering is not taught in their programs). Many teams do not estimate and negotiate the schedule as they believe it is fixed and cannot be changed. More often, teams start project by meeting several times a week to discuss how to divide the work but few know how to work in team and managing their time. There are more discussions and arguments among team members until time is running out then they ignore designs and focus on code. Since there is limited time available, a majority of project work is done by a few people on the team working long hours. Project documentation is written with fewer detail as it is often assigned to the weaker members of the team as a way of providing them something to do. Because they do not involved with project activity, they can only document what they know. Software functions are often reduced from the initial promises to the customer because the team could not finish everything in the end.<\/p>\n

Most capstone projects delivered well below expectation and did not pass customers\u2019 acceptance tests. The reason is teams had difficulty balancing the workload throughout the project. They do not know how to estimate time required well. They do not know how to organize their efforts well so they spend more time in the beginning on designs then discover that they do not have enough time so they stop and jump to code, when time is not enough, they skip tests to hurry get the project complete so they could finish the capstone and graduate.<\/p>\n

Many teams follow a waterfall lifecycle but they often ignore what they work in requirements and design when get to code because things are changing. There is no traceable between code and design and between design and requirements because so many changes already happened. Even when the teams use iterative lifecycles, they tend to concentrate on functions that they know how to code but delay working on more difficult functions. Therefore, projects consist of large amounts of small functions but miss several key functions.<\/p>\n

Many team members do not know how to work in multiple person team. Most skills they learned in their four year is on a single person work and it does not scale well to project with several people. Configuration management is the most confusing issue among teams. Many teams did not have a proper way for controlling their source code. Many teams place their code in a central repository, copy needed files to their own computers, made changes, and then replace the files without checking to see whether the original contents had changed during that time. There are issues of missing files, missing code throughout the capstone projects.<\/p>\n

When team members are busy, they stop communicate with each other and focus on their own work. This is where more mistakes are made. Many teams do not track defects, especially in the last few weeks before deliver to customers. Most teams often do not know if defects are fixes or not.<\/p>\n

Teamwork is something not taught well in China and India. (Japan and S. Korea are much better). In these two countries, team members\u2019 responsibilities are often not clear. Although all team members do have good technical skills, few have training in teamwork. In the beginning, teams are structured with a formal leader and few defined roles. However, as the project go on, team members generally feel uncomfortable with each others as their egos set in. There are a lot of conflicts happening throughout the project and often end up with each do their own work independently just to get the project working.<\/p>\n

Team members with weak skills often avoid productive work by hiding behind ambiguous role such as documentation or time keeping. Members with strong skills do not want to receive bad grade, compensate for weaker members by taking on additional works. Most teams feel comfortable to write code but they always struggle to deal with integrated issues. This is where they need help from faculty. Basically, they do not know how to develop software the way the industry work. In other words, they needed to learn about well defined software process.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1915"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1916,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915\/revisions\/1916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}